【TED】是一个会议的名称，它是英文technology, entertainment, design三个单词的首字母缩写。TED是社会各界精英交流的盛会，它鼓励各种创新思想的展示、碰撞。


Martin Jacques
Martin Jacques is the author of "When China Rules the World," and a columnist for the Guardian and New Statesman. He was a co-founder of the think tank Demos.

三个基础理解中国：文明国邦，而非民族国家；汉民族为主体；家长式的政府管理


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Hints：
China
Chinese
Indonesia
Brazil
multiracial
Han
Uyghurs
Tibetans
Western state
Let me offer you another building block to try and understand China -- maybe not such a comfortable one. The Chinese have a very, very different conception of race to most other countries. Do you know, of the 1.3 billion Chinese, over 90 percent of them think they belong to the same race, the Han. Now this is completely different from the other world's most populous countries. India, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil -- all of them are multiracial. The Chinese don't feel like that. China is only multiracial really at the margins. So the question is, why? Well the reason, I think, essentially is, again, back to the civilization state. A history of at least 2,000 years, a history of conquest, occupation, absorption, assimilation and so on, led to the process by which, over time, this notion of the Han emerged -- of course, nurtured by a growing and very powerful sense of cultural identity. Now the great advantage of this historical experience has been that, without the Han, China could never have held together. The Han identity has been the cement which has held this country together. The great disadvantage of it is that the Han have a very weak conception of cultural difference. They really believe in their own superiority, and they are disrespectful of those who are not. Hence their attitude, for example, to the Uyghurs and to the Tibetans.
让我来说另一个基础理由 来试着了解中国 这或许是一个让人不舒服的理由。 中国与其他大多数国家对 民族的概念 有非常，非常不同的理解。 大家知道， 13亿中国人， 超过90%的中国人 认为他们属于同一个民族， 汉族。 目前这与 世界上其它人口众多的国家截然相反。 印度，美国， 印度尼西亚，巴西， 他们都是多民族的。 中国人没有感到过多民族。 中国仅是 在边界线上有多种少数民族的人。 那问题是，为什么？ 好吧，我认为实质上，原因 得再次追溯到这文明国家。 至少在2000年的历史长河中， 征服，占领， 合并，同化等的历史 随着时间的推移导致了 汉民族这概念的形成过程 当然，这概念也孕育了 增强了汉文化认同感 也使其变得非常强大，具有深远意义。 现在这历史经验的巨大优势 呈现出来，没有汉民族， 中国永远不可能连为一体。 汉民族文化认同一直 把这个国家粘合在一起。 它的巨大的劣势 是汉民族对文化差异 有很少的认知概念。 他们真正相信 他们自身汉族文化的优越性， 他们不尊重 那些不同民族的差异性。 因此， 举个例子，比如他们对待 回族和藏族的态度。