【句子】

Not until 1866 was the fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
直到1866年第一条横跨大西洋的电缆才完全成功的架通。

【解析】

与not until的用法

【介词until】
作介词的until 的英文解释是up to a specified time (直到某一时刻)或up to the time of a specified event (直到发生某事)。

1)until 用于肯定句中,表示句子的动作一直持续到until短语所表示的时间为止,即表示动作的终点。一般可译为“直到……时(为止)”或“在……以前”。在这种用法中,句子的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

He will be working until 5 o'clock.
他将一直工作到五点钟。

2)until用于否定句中,表示句子的动作直到until短语所表示的时间才开始发生,即表示动作的起点。一般译为“直到……才”或“直到……之前(……还不)” 。

The secret was never told until after the old man's death.
这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。

【连词until】
作连词用的until的英文释义是up to the time when(直到……时为止)。

1)作连词的until用于肯定句中,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“……直到……为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词(非瞬间动词),如live, wait , last, love, like, stay, work, continue 等。

Continue in this direction until you see a sign.
一直朝着这个方向走就会看见指示牌了。

2)作连词的until用于否定句中,表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生,或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到……才”。

I won't stop shouting until you let me go.
你不放我,我就一直喊叫

【“not until” 的两种强调结构】

1)结构A:It is (was) not until + 时间状语(从句)+ that +主句

It was not until yesterday that I remembered it.
直到昨天我才记起这事。

2)结构B:Not until +时间状语(从句)+主句的倒装句

Not until she got home did she realize that she had lost her necklace.
直到她到了家才发现她丢了项链。

s succeed successful辨析

1)success 名词

Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母

2)succeed 动词
词组:succeed in doing sth.

One event succeeded another.
事情一件接着一件发生

3)successful 形容词
词组:be successful in sth./doing sth.可形容名词

You have passed two very difficult examinations and you are very successful in your method of study.
你考到这两次最困难的考试,你读书方法是很成功的。

3.transatlantic
a. 横渡大西洋的,大西洋那边的,美国的

They are our transatlantic friends.
他们是我们在大西洋彼岸的朋友。 

【练习】

Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him. (10江西)
A did he begin   B had he begun   C he began   D he had begun

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