党的十八大以来,交通运输进入了加快现代综合交通运输体系建设的新阶段。2013年,铁路实现政企分开,交通运输大部门体制改革基本落实到位。交通运输全面深化改革,建设法治政府部门,加快综合交通、智慧交通、绿色交通、平安交通“四个交通”建设,围绕“一带一路”建设、京津冀协同发展、长江经济带建设三大国家战略制定发展规划。加快综合交通运输基础设施成网,推进多种运输方式有效衔接。促进现代物流业发展,提升综合运输服务保障水平。加强交通运输基本公共服务供给和管理,支持集中连片特困地区交通运输基础设施、城乡客运、城市公共交通发展。推进东、中、西、东北“四大板块”区域交通协调发展,西部地区高铁加快发展,中西部地区交通条件显著改善。2013年,西藏墨脱公路建成通车,中国真正实现县县通公路。

Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, the construction of a modernized comprehensive transport system has been accelerated. In 2013, railway sector realized separation of government functions from commercial operations, and the institutional reform to establish an efficient government department to exercise unified management of transport by air, water and land, as well as postal services was basically completed. The transport sector has pushed reform to a higher level by enhancing law-based management, promoting comprehensive, smart, green and safe transport, and formulating development plans to serve the Three Initiatives – the Belt and Road Initiative, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integration Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt Initiative. China has expedited the building of a comprehensive transport infrastructure network, and reinforced the connectivity of multiple modes of transport, advancing modern logistics in this sector and securing comprehensive transport services. It has enhanced the supply and management of basic public services for transport, supporting the development of transport infrastructure in contiguous impoverished areas, urban and rural passenger transport and urban public transport. China has also promoted balanced development of transport in its eastern, central, western and northeastern regions. In this regard, western China has quickened its pace in developing high-speed railways, and overall central and western China’s transport conditions have been greatly improved. In 2013, the Motuo Highway in Tibet was opened to traffic, indicating that every county in China now had access to highways.

60多年来,中国交通运输总体上经历了从“瓶颈制约”到“初步缓解”,再到“基本适应”经济社会发展需求的奋斗历程,与世界一流水平的差距快速缩小,部分领域已经实现超越,一个走向现代化的综合交通运输体系正展现在世界面前。

Over the past 60-odd years, China’s transport has undergone the phases of bottleneck, preliminary alleviation and basic adaptation to socio-economic development demands. China has narrowed its gap with world-class transport, and surpassed the latter in several fields. A modernized comprehensive transport system is now emerging on the horizon.

二、综合交通运输体系建设

II. Comprehensive Transport System

经过多年改革发展,多节点、全覆盖的综合交通运输网络初步形成,“五纵五横”综合运输大通道基本贯通,一大批综合客运、货运枢纽站场(物流园区)投入运营,运输装备发展不断升级,运输服务水平显著提升,科技创新和应用实现重大突破,交通运输市场体系、管理体制和法规体系不断完善。

Through years of reform and development, China has formed a multi-nodal and full-coverage transport network; opened up five vertical and five horizontal transport trunk railway lines; put into operation a large number of passenger and freight transport stations (logistics parks); upgraded transport equipment and improved transport service capacity; achieved major breakthroughs in technology innovation and application; and improved the transport market system, management mechanisms and related laws and regulations.

(一)基础设施网络

Infrastructure Network

多层次的铁路网基本形成。截至2015年年底,全国铁路营业总里程达12.1万公里,规模居世界第二;其中高速铁路1.9万公里,位居世界第一。以高速铁路为骨架、以城际铁路为补充的快速客运网络初步建成。全国铁路复线率和电气化率分别达到53.5%和61.8%。横跨东西、纵贯南北的大能力通道逐步形成,物流设施同步完善,逐步实现了货物运输直达化、快捷化、重载化。

A multi-level railway network has been formed. By the end of 2015, China’s total railway operation length reached 121,000 km, ranking the world’s second, including 19,000-km high-speed railway, ranking the world’s first. An express passenger transport network with high-speed railway as framework and supplemented by intercity railway has been built. The proportion of double-line railway in China was 53.5 percent, and the proportion of electric railway 61.8 percent. China has formed east-west and north-south railway passageways with great transport capacity, improved logistics infrastructure, and realized nonstop, speedy, and heavy-haul freight transport.

广覆盖的公路网建立起来。截至2015年年底,全国公路通车总里程达457.73万公里。高速公路通车里程达12.35万公里,位居世界第一。国省干线公路网络不断完善,连接了全国县级及以上行政区。农村公路里程达到398.06万公里,通达99.9%的乡镇和99.8%的建制村。路网技术结构不断优化,等级公路里程占公路总里程的88.4%。

A full-coverage highway network has been set up. By the end of 2015, China’s total highway traffic length was 4.58 million km. Expressway length was 123,500 km, ranking first in the world. The national and provincial trunk highway network has been improved, connecting administrative regions at and above the county level nationwide. Rural highway length was 3.98 million km, connecting 99.9 percent of towns and townships and 99.8 percent of administrative villages. The technology structure of the highway network has been improved, with graded highway length accounting for 88.4 percent of total highway length.

初步形成干支衔接的水运网。截至2015年年底,全国港口拥有生产性码头泊位3.13万个,其中万吨级及以上泊位2221个,煤炭、原油、金属矿石、集装箱等专业化泊位达1173个,港口大型化、深水化、专业化、自动化水平进一步提升。内河航道通航里程达12.7万公里,等级航道占52.2%,高等级航道达标里程1.36万公里,长江、西江、京杭运河等航道通航条件不断改善,初步建成了以“两横一纵两网十八线”为主体的内河航道体系。

A water transport network connecting trunk and branch lines has been established. By the end of 2015, China had 31,300 quay berths for production use, including 2,221 berths of 10,000-ton-class or above and 1,173 specialized berths for coal, crude oil, metal ores and containers, and improved large-scale, professional and automated deep-water ports. Inland waterway navigable length was 127,000 km, with graded waterways accounting for 52.2 percent, and the length of high-grade waterways reaching 13,600 km. China has improved the navigation conditions of the Yangtze and Xijiang rivers and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and formed an inland waterway system composed of two horizontal trunk waterways, one vertical trunk waterway, two high-grade waterway networks and 18 high-grade mainstream and tributary waterways.

民用机场体系基本成型。截至2015年年底,全国民航运输机场达210个,初步形成了以北京、上海、广州等国际枢纽机场为中心,省会城市和重点城市区域枢纽机场为骨干,以及其他干、支线机场相互配合的格局。空管设施建设不断加强,2015年保障飞机起降达到856.6万架次。通用机场加快发展。机场轨道交通和机场快速通道加快建设,机场与其他交通运输方式的衔接更加紧密。

A civil airport system has taken shape. By the end of 2015, China had 210 civil transport airports, forming a pattern with international hub airports in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou as centers, with regional hub airports in provincial capitals and major cities as junctures, and some other support trunk and branch airports. Air traffic control facilities have been improved, which secured 8.57 million takeoffs and landings in 2015. General aviation airports have been developing quickly. Airport rail and fast-track transit have been rapidly improved, and the connectivity between airports and other modes of transport has been enhanced.