科学60秒:足球踢得好不好，电脑说的也算数
来源：沪江听写酷
2011-04-23 09:23
文章较难，大家听写填空即可~
(Announcer’s call of “GOAL!”)
That’s a shout World Cup enthusiasts don’t hear too frequently. Soccer’s known for low-scoring games, which makes it difficult to find an objective means of measuring the skill of top players. In a given game, a couple might ___1___ a goal or have an assist. But who’s the best of the best?
This ___2___ ___3___ Luis Amaral as a kid in Portugal. Now, a professor of biology and chemical engineering at Northwestern, he used his team’s computational skills to find the best. The work is in the journal Public Library of Science One.
Graduate student Josh Waitzman wrote software using data from the 2008 ___4___ Web site. They ___5___ the flow of the ball among players. They evaluated the ways the ball can travel. And they were able to rank players based on how many times and ways the ball passed through them to finish a given shot.
Their rankings match the opinions of coaches and experts. For example, all agree that Spain’s Xavi is a great player. Amaral's team say this network model could be also used for nonsoccer tasks, such as evaluating teammates on a group work project. (Announcer’s call of “ANNUAL REPORT!”)
(Announcer’s call of “GOAL!”)
That’s a shout World Cup enthusiasts don’t hear too frequently. Soccer’s known for low-scoring games, which makes it difficult to find an objective means of measuring the skill of top players. In a given game, a couple might ___1___ a goal or have an assist. But who’s the best of the best?
This ___2___ ___3___ Luis Amaral as a kid in Portugal. Now, a professor of biology and chemical engineering at Northwestern, he used his team’s computational skills to find the best. The work is in the journal Public Library of Science One.
Graduate student Josh Waitzman wrote software using data from the 2008 ___4___ Web site. They ___5___ the flow of the ball among players. They evaluated the ways the ball can travel. And they were able to rank players based on how many times and ways the ball passed through them to finish a given shot.
Their rankings match the opinions of coaches and experts. For example, all agree that Spain’s Xavi is a great player. Amaral's team say this network model could be also used for nonsoccer tasks, such as evaluating teammates on a group work project. (Announcer’s call of “ANNUAL REPORT!”)
nail
conundrum
plagued
Euro Cup
mapped
（背景音：“射门！”）
这样的助威声对世界杯球迷来说可不常听见。众所周知，足球是一项得分率低的运动，因此要以客观的手段来衡量顶级球员的技术水平非常困难。在一场球赛中，有形形色色的球员，他们要么射门要么助攻，但谁才是百里挑一的好手呢？
早在孩提时代，身在故乡葡萄牙的路易斯·阿马拉尔便为这个谜题深深沉醉，如今作为西北大学生物学与化学工程教授，他采用研究小组的计算机技术来寻求答案。相关成果发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》。（作者：霍尔迪·杜赫、乔书亚·怀兹曼、路易斯·阿马拉尔，U）
研究生乔希·怀兹曼从2008年欧洲杯官网上收集数据编写了软件。研究小组绘制了球在场上的飞行轨迹，并计算出球的所有运行路径。通过计算完成一次射门所需的传球次数及路径，研究人员即可判断出球员的水平。
他们做出的评判与教练、专家的观点是一致的。比如西班牙球星哈维便是众所公认的一流球员。阿马拉尔和怀兹曼表示，他们开发出来的网络模型还可用于其它领域，如评估团队项目中成员的表现等。（背景音：“年报！”）