大家好，四六级考试临近，本小编为了帮助广大考生过级，特开辟新栏目，考前每天一篇翻译练习（选取最有可能考的翻译题材、段落），供大家日常练习用。

声明：押题只是练习翻译手感，积累话题词汇，练习常考句式结构，切勿迷信。

一、唐诗

1. 原文

唐诗(Tang poetry )泛指创作于唐代(618年-907年)的诗。

唐诗是汉族最珍贵的文化遗产之一，同时也对周边民族和国家的文化发展产生了很大影响。

唐诗中流传最广的当属收录在《唐诗三百首》(Three Hundred Poems of the TangDynasty)中的诗歌，里面收录的许多诗篇都为后人所熟知。

唐代的诗人特别多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界闻名的伟大诗人，他们的作品有很多都是脍炙人口的诗篇。

 

参考翻译

Tang poetry generally refers to poems written during the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.).

Tang poetry is one of the most valuable cultural heritages of the Han Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influence on the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations.

The most widely spread among Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the “Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty”，many of which are quite popular with people of later generations.

There are lots of poets in the Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of the two great poets’ works are household poems.

 

难点点拨

1.泛指：翻译为generally refer to,其中“泛”即一般来说，故译为 generally 即可。

2.汉族：应译为Han Chinese。

3.产生了很大影响：用固定短语have a great influenceon...来表达即可。

4.流传最广：翻译为the most widely spread, “流传”用动词spread表达，而表示范围的最广译为副词widely即可。注意此处的spread为spread的过去分词形式，表被动意义。

5.脍炙人口的诗篇：翻译为household poems,其中脍炙人口用形容词 household表达，即“家喻户晓”。

 

2. 原文

唐诗(Tang poetry)是中国珍贵的文化遗产，在中国文学和诗歌中占据重要地位。

唐朝是中国诗歌的黄金时代，《全唐诗》(Complete Tang Poems)收录了2200多位诗人所作的近5万首唐诗。

唐代的诗人特别多，李白、杜甫、白居易是世界闻名的伟大诗人。

唐诗的题材非常广泛，从自然现象、政治动态(dynamics)到社会风俗、个人感受，几乎包括生活的方方面面。

《唐诗三百首》(300 Tang Poems)是后人编选的最受欢迎的唐诗集，在现代社会流传广泛，很多诗歌被中国的中小学语文教科书所采用。

 

参考翻译

The Tang poetry, a precious cultural heritage of China, occupied a significant place in the field of Chinese literature and Chinese poetry.

Tang Dynasty was the golden age of Chinese poetry. The Complete Tang Poems collected almost 50,000 Tang poems written by over 2,200 poets.

There were a large number of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai, Du Fu and Bai Juyi were the greatest poets renowned in the world.

The subjects of Tang poetry were rather extensive, ranging from natural phenomena and political dynamics to social customs and personal feelings, embracing almost every aspect of people's lives.

The 300 Tang Poems was a collection of the most popular Tang poems compiled by the later generations. In modern society, it is so widespread that many of the poems have been adopted in the Chinese language textbooks of primary schools and secondary schools.

 

难点点拨

1.第一句汉语的重心在后半句，因此可将“唐诗在中国文学和诗歌中占据重要地位”译为英语的主句，“是中国珍贵的文化遗产”可译作“唐诗”的同位语或定语从句。

2.第二句由两个短句组成，叙述了两个不同的事物，即“唐朝”和“《全唐诗》”，因此难以建立内在联系，可拆译为两个独立句子。后一句的主干是“《全唐诗》收录了近5万首唐诗”;“2200多位诗人所作的”可采用过去分词短语writtenby...作后置定语。

3.第三句“唐代的诗人特别多…”前后部分的内容存在包含和被包含的关系，可考虑将“唐代诗人特别多”作为主句，后半句处理为among whom...引导的定语从句。

4.第四句“唐诗的题材非常广泛…”较长，可考虑将句子的中心“唐诗的题材非常广泛”译为主干;“从…到…”和“几乎包括…”隐含的逻辑主语都是“唐诗的题材”，可考虑将后半部分处理为现在分词短语作状语的形式，即ranging from...to...和 embracing...。

5.最后一句较长，可考虑拆译为两句。“《唐诗三百首》是最受欢迎的唐诗集”相为前一句的主干，“后人编选的” 译为过去分词短语作后置定语。后一句可采用so...that句型，将“流传广泛”作为主句，增译主语it，指代《唐诗三百首》，即is so widespread;“很多诗歌被...”译为that引导的结果状语从句。

 

3. 原文

唐代是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，产生了许多著名的诗人和诗作。

时至今日，有超过5万首唐诗和2000多位唐代诗人为人们所熟知。

其中，唐代最著名的诗人是李白和杜甫。

李白生性无拘无束，才华横溢，他创作了大量赞美祖国大好河山的诗篇。

杜甫年轻时坎坷的生活经历，使他更好地了解了社会的黑暗和人民的困苦。

最流行的唐诗作品集或许是由清朝的学者孙洙编著的《唐诗三百首》(300 Tang Poems)。

唐诗一直在影响着世界文学和现代诗歌。

 

参考翻译

The Tang Dynasty was the peak of Chinese classical poetry and many distinguished poets and poetry appeared during this period of less than 300 years.

Up till now, over 50,000 poems and 2,000 poets of the Tang Dynasty have been well-known among people.

The best-known poets during the Tang Dynasty are Li Bai and Du Fu.

Being independent and full of talent, Li Bai created a great many poems to praise the wonderful mountains and brilliant rivers.

Du Fu's rough experiences when he was young made him know better about the darkness of society and the people's sufferings.

The most popular Tang poems collection might be the 300 Tang Poems compiled by the scholar Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty.

Tang poetry has had an ongoing influence on world literature and modern poetry.

 

难点点拨

1.鼎盛时期：可译为peak，原意为“顶峰，顶点”。

2.无拘无束：可译为independent，它有“不愿受约束的，向往自由的”之意。

3.才华横溢：可译为full of talent。

4.大好河山：即“美好的山河”，可译为wonderful mountains and brilliant rivers。

5.社会的黑暗和人民的困苦：可译为the darkness of society and the people's sufferings.

6.一直在影响着…：可译为have an ongoing influence on…

 

二、宋词

原文

宋词(Song Ci)是古代诗歌的一种，可以配乐歌唱，又称曲子词。

因为宋词句子长短不一，所以又称“长短句(Changduanju)”。

词有各种曲调，因此演唱方式多种多样。

词在宋朝达到鼎盛时期。

和唐诗一样，宋词在中国文学史上占有重要地位。

在词的发展过程中，涌现出很多杰出的词人，如苏轼、李清照、辛弃疾、陆游等。

如今宋词仍然很受欢迎。

《宋词三百首》(Three Hundred Song Ci Poems)一书非常流行，很多著名的词作都被重新谱曲演唱。

 

参考翻译

Song Ci is one form of ancient poetry and can be sung to music，thus it's also called musical Ci poetry.

Since the length of the lines in a Ci poem can vary, it is also called Changduanju (lines of irregular lengths).

Due to various tunes used for them, Ci poems can be sung in different ways.

Ci poetry reached its peak during the Song Dynasty.

Like Tang poetry, Song Ci poetry plays an important role in the history of Chinese literature as well.

In the process of its development, a lot of prominent Ci composers appeared such as Su Shi, LiQingzhao, Xin Qiji, and Lu You, etc.

Song Ci remains popular even today.

The book Three Hundred Song Ci Poems is very popular, and a good number of famous Ci poems have been set to new tunes for singing.

 

难点点拨

1. 可以配乐歌唱：即“可以随着音乐歌唱”，可译为can be sung to music。这里注意介词to的应用，在表示“伴随音乐”的时候用介词to，例如dance to music(随着音乐起舞)。

2.又称：即“也被称做”，可译为be known as 或 be also called.

 

三、元曲

原文

元曲(Yuan opera)是中国一种别具一格的文学形式和戏剧形式。

它首先流行于民间，内容充满了生活气息。

元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐诗宋词(Tang and Song poetry)，有较大的灵活性。

历史上涌现了一批杰出元曲剧作家(playwright)，其中以关汉卿最负盛名。

元曲和唐诗宋词一样，是中国古典文学的重要组成部分。

元曲的兴起对于中国民族诗歌的发展和文化的繁荣有着深远的影响。

 

参考翻译

Yuan opera is a characteristic form of literature and drama in China.

It first became popular among common people as its content was full of the flavor of life.

Yuan opera has its own fixed form but is quite more flexible compared with Tang and Song poetry.

There appeared in history a number of outstanding playwrights of Yuan opera, among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous, like Tang and Song poetry.

Yuan opera is an important part of Chinese classical literature.

The rising of Yuan opera has great influences on the development of national poetry and the prosperity of culture in China.

 

难点点拨

1.第2句中的两个分句“它首先流行于民间”及“内容充满了生活气息”隐含因果关系，翻译时可将这层关系译出，把第2个分句处理为as或for引导的原因状语从句。该句中的“生活气息”直译为flavor of life，该短语在文中实际上是指元曲讲述的都是日常生活，故该句也可意译为its content filled with daily/social life。

2.翻译第3句“元曲有固定的格式，但相比于唐诗宋词，有较大的灵活性”时，为了论述连贯，应将第2、3分句的位置对调。“相比于......”用短语compared with来表达。整句可译为Yuan opera has its... but is quite …compared with Tang and Song poetry

3.第4句中的“历史上涌现了……”是无主语句，翻译时可将“元曲剧作家”作为句子的主语，译作A number of... playwrights sprang up...；或者可用句型 There appeared in history...来表达。“其中以关卿......”处理成用among whom引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“元曲剧作家”,译作among whom Guan Hanqing was the most famous。

4.第5句中的状语“和唐诗宋词一样”表达为Like Tang and Song poetry,置句首。“元曲”则移至后半句作主语，“元曲是中国古典文学的重要组成部分”译作Yuan opera is an important part...。“中国古典文学的”用介词短语 of Chinese classical literature 来表达。