[全文听写]：
Hints：
the Vietnam War
the journal Psychological Science
John Pike
pepper-spray cop
U.S.
Groupthink is a phenomenon in which the members of a group override their individuality in favor of the agreement with the group. Scholars have ascribed bad decision making to groupthink, for example, in U.S. policy during the Vietnam War. But how do outsiders interpret groupthink when they observe the behavior of a group and its members? A research team had subjects rate groups, such as corporations, sports teams and government parties, about how much the group has its own collective intelligence. Subjects also rated how much each member of the group had a mind of his or her own. Finally, they rated the perceived cohesiveness of the group. And the perception was that the more cohesive a group the less its individual members are thought to have independent thought. The study is in the journal Psychological Science. A second experiment revealed that subjects did not hold members of a very cohesive group responsible for their individual actions. Indeed, some people argue that John Pike, the now infamous pepper-spray cop, was not accountable. And that the responsibility for his actions rests higher, with the police force and local government. Such notions may get tested in court. With psychologists as expert witnesses.
集体审议是这样的一个现象：小组中的成员为了达到一致性将个人的想法抑制了。学者们将糟糕的决策归咎于集体审议，比如在越南战争中美国的决议。 但是作为局外人，当他们看到集体和个人的行为的时候，如何来看到这样的集体审议呢？ 一个研究团队有诸如公司、运动队和政府党派的课题组，研究关于每个团队有多少集体智慧。这项课题同样也也测试出组中的成员有多少他们自己的想法。最终他们获得了所谓的团队的凝聚力。 得到的观念是一个团队越凝聚，其中的成员越少有自己独立的想法。这一发现在《心理学》中。 第二个实验显示，很有凝聚力的团队并不为成员的独立行为负责。事实上，很多人认为，John Pike，现在臭名昭著的向群众喷辣椒水条子 是不应该受到责备的。并且他的行为的责任上升到更高的高度，介入警方和当地政府。这样的观点将在法庭上得到验证，将由心理学家作为权威目击者。