动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.
1、动词不定式作宾语.即跟在谓语动词后,是涉及的直接对象.表示这个对象事什么要做什么。能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等. 比如:
I want to have a boyfriend。我想有个男朋友。
I’d love to go to their party.我要去参加他们的聚会。
2、动词不定式作宾语补足语. 能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等. 请看例句:
My mother asked me to help those people in need。我妈妈告诉我要帮助有需要的人。
The teacher told her students to finish their homework。
3、动词不定式作状语: 即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾语那样,与谓语动词有着密切的关系. 比如:
I come here just to say goodbye to you and best wished for your family.
这里需要讲解的是,在这句话里的不定式表示的是目的状语。表示是为了做某事。然鹅,to不定式还可以做结果状语、原因状语等等。童鞋们可以在了解后自行学习。