40 to 55

Once you enter this age range, you are starting to move from the aggressive stance of your youth to something a bit more measured. At the same time, you are entering a very important savings period since you likely are at the height of your earning power.

一旦进入这个年龄段,你就开始从年轻时代的激进立场转向更为深思熟虑的立场。与此同时,由于你很可能正处于赚钱的巅峰状态,这个年龄段也是一个非常重要的攒钱期。

This is a time to invest as much as you can in your 401(k) while developing other ways to sock away money. It also is important to avoid two mistakes that have become common among investors in this cohort in the wake of the downturn.

在这个时期,你应该尽可能多地投资401(k)退休计划,同时开发其他投资的途径。你还要避免这个年龄段的投资者在经济低迷时期常犯的两类错误。

'First, people have reacted [to the market downturn] by reducing the amount of money they're saving and investing,' says Mark Bonhard, an investment adviser with Dawson Wealth Management in Cleveland. 'Second, they've started changing their strategy without good reason. All that does is lock in the losses and prevent a chance to recover.'

克利夫兰Dawson Wealth Management投资顾问伯恩哈德(Mark Bonhard)说,首先,人们通过减少储蓄额和投资额对市场的低迷做出了反应。其次,他们开始在没有充分理由的情况下改变策略。所有这些都锁定了损失,阻止了复苏的机会。

In order to boost savings during this critical time, Mr. Medley encourages clients in this age range to set up automatic savings plans that direct a portion of their paychecks into an investment account at a firm like Charles Schwab or Fidelity Investments, where it can be invested in stock mutual funds.

为了在这样的关键时期提高存款额,麦德利鼓励这个年龄段的客户设置自动存款计划,直接将部分工资转到嘉信理财(Charles Schwab)或富达投资(Fidelity Investments)等机构的投资账户中,从中可以投资股票共同基金。

'People need to save money outside of their retirement account,' says Mr. Medley. 'And as elementary as it may seem, an automatic plan works well for most people.'

麦德利说,人们需要在他们的退休账户之外另行存钱。自动计划实际上也很简单,适合于大多数人。

55 and Over

As you get closer to your retirement years, you want to hold onto the capital you've built up over time. Trouble is, a lot of that capital has gone away in the market downdraft of the past two years.

随着你距退休年龄越来越近,你希望这些年来积攒的资金能够保值。问题是,其中的许多资金在过去两年市场的下行中都已经损失了。

'What's important in this case is recognizing where you are right now and not trying to think about where you were in 2007,' says Tommy Williams of Williams Financial Advisers in Shreveport, La. 'Job one is perhaps more philosophical and emotional than it is analytical.'

路易斯安那州Williams Financial Advisers的威廉姆斯(Tommy Williams)说,在这种情况下重要的是认清你目前的状况,不要再去想你2007年时的情况。一开始可能更为达观和情绪化,而不是具备分析性。

According to recent surveys, retirement security is first and foremost on the minds of people in this group.

最近的调查显示,这部分人首先关注的是退休安全。

One strategy is to consider the minimum amount of income you require on an annual basis and then see if there's a low-cost annuity that promises to pay at least that amount for life.

一个策略是,想想你每年所需的最低收入是多少,然后看看有没有低成本的年金,可以承诺终生支付至少这个数目。

Such a strategy means you are eschewing future stock-market gains, but you have the security of knowing that your income is set for as long as you are around to spend it.

这样一种策略意味着你在远离未来的股市收益,但你得到了保障,知道只要你还活着,就能有一笔固定的收入。

'Annuities can play a very strong role, because a lot of them carry guaranteed income,' says Mr. Bonhard. 'Having those guarantees makes it easier to take a little additional risk with the rest of your assets. But you do pay something to get those guarantees, and you have to watch that closely.'

伯恩哈德说,年金可以扮演非常重要的角色,因为许多年金都会保障收入。有了这些保障,你其他的资产多冒点风险就更容易。但你得有所付出才能获得这些保障,而且必须密切关注。

Given the stock market's still relatively low level and, for some folks, a need to rebuild a broken portfolio, some advisers recommend tweaking your portfolio mix to have a bit more stock-market exposure via low-cost stock-index mutual funds.

考虑到股市仍处于相对低的水平,而且一些人还需要重建以前的投资组合,因此一些咨询师建议调整投资组合的成分,通过低成本股市指数共同基金来实现更高的股市敞口。

Portfolio choices, especially among retirees, should be made from a stance of prudence and common sense.

应当从审慎和常识的立场出发来选择投资组织,尤其是退休人员。

'Having enough is more important than having more,' says Mr. Bonhard. 'If you've reached enough, you don't want to be gambling for more.'

伯恩哈德说,知足比多多益善更重要,如果已经够了,就不应该冒险想再多捞点。

He cautions that you should purchase annuities only from companies with a strong financial position and solid credit ratings.

他提醒说,只能从财务状况良好、信用评级可靠的公司购买年金。

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