在考研英语阅读理解中,同学们有时会有这样的感受,所有的句子看似都明白了,但是一到做题就不会了,或是选错了。为什么会出现这种情况呢?这是因为同学们在阅读时往往只重视句子的理解,而忽略了句子与句子之间的联系,段落与段落之间的联系。而阅读考查同学们能否理解篇章结构、上下文之间的关系等能力,也就是说考查同学们能否掌握文章的行文逻辑。本文就来探讨一下考研英语阅读中最常见且最易设考点的一种逻辑关系——因果逻辑关系。

首先,我们来看一下在英语中常用来表示因果关系的词语。

1、连词:so/since/for/therefore

2、词组:due to/owing to/thanks to/lead to/result in/be attributed to

3、名词、动词:consequence/reason/cause

看到这些词,我们就需要注意了,一般来说,上下句之间会有一定的因果关系,试卷也容易在这些地方出题。另外,还有一些比较隐蔽的因果逻辑关系,虽然没有出现以上这些词汇,但是在文章内容上仍具有因果联系。下面我们就来具体看一下。

4、分词:-ed/-ing

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics.

此句中,动词transform的现在分词短语作句子状语,表结果。数百万的母亲去上班的后果是改变了基本的家庭经济状况。

5、介词:with

For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.

此句中,with引导的独立主格结构说明了推行saving-account model的后果——退休人员把他们的大部分或全部有保障的报酬变成依赖于投资回报的报酬。

6、从句:解释说明

Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.

此句中,that引导的同位语从句说明了现实残酷的原因——他们会在有生之年花光退休金。

7、句意衔接

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

第二句具体说明了为什么美国中产阶级家庭被经济风险和新的现实改变了原有状况。

综上所述,考研英语阅读中常常会通过以上七种方式来表明上下文之间的因果关系,大家在阅读过程中不但要多注意那些明显的因果词汇,而且更应该谨慎地去理解和分析那些较为隐蔽的因果关系。只有这样,我们才能更有效地阅读文章,从而达到准确解题的目的。