3．物主代词：

分 类 句法功能 例 句
形容词性物主代词 作定语 This is my pen.
名词性物主代词 作主语、表语、宾语 This bike is hers.

注意：名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中：
She is a friend of mine.

4.反身代词：

序号 在句中充当的成分 例 句
1 宾语 位于动词后 She could dress herself when she was six.
位于介词后 Take care of yourselves.
“宾语+and”后 She invited Mike and myself to the party.
2 表 语 He doesn’t seem himself today.
3 同
位
语 主语同位语 He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.
宾语同位语 You can ask the president himself.
4 并
列
主
语 and之后 (Both)Mary and myself will go.
or之后 (Either)Mary or yourself will go.
nor之后 (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.

注意：
（1）反身代词不单独作主语。
（2）oneself也是一个反身代词，用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.

5.指示代词：“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表：

在句中的成分 例 句
1 作
名
词
用 作主语 This is Smith.
2 作宾语 I like this.
3 作表语 His idea is this.
4 作形容词用 作定语 This way,please.
6．不定代词：

序
号 分
类 功
能 用法 不定代词 例词或例句 说明
1 作
形
容
词 定语 接可数单数 every“每个的”，只作定语 every body 指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。
接可数复数 other other boys
接三类名词 no no people no=not a/any
2 作
名
词 主语、表语、宾语 代单数（人） someone,somebody
anyone,anybody
everyone,everybody
no one,nobody Someone is waiting for Jack.
Is everyone here?
Is there anybody out? someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中；
anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。
代单数（物） something,anything
nothing,everything Something is wrong with my bike. something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑问句中。
代复数
（人/物） others，the others She likes to help others.
Where are the others? the others其余的人/物。
none None of us is afraid. 指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。
3 既可作名词又可作形容词 主语、定语、表语、宾语 不可数 little,a little,much There’s little time left. little“几乎没有”，表否定。
可数复数 few,a few,many,several, both Both my sisters are good. few“几乎没有”表否定；both只用于两者“两者都”。
可数单数 one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)
another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一个；neither二者之中没一个。
接/代三类名词 all,some,any,such,the other He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. some用于肯定句或表建议的句中；any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。
可数复数或不可数 lots of, a lot of, a lot He has lots of/a lot of friends.
He has a lot to say.

注意：
（1）both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位语，位于助动词，系动词或情态动词后，行为动词之前。
The boys are all in the classroom.
Both(of)my brothers like sports.
（2）every other+可数名词单数：指“每隔一…”。
They go to play basketball every other day.
（3）no/any/every/some与one/body构成的复合词指人，不用于of前。
（4）all/both/every及其复合词与否定词连用时，表部分否定。相应的全否定为none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.
None of us are students.
（5）“another+数词+名词复数”表示“再来（数词）…”。
Another two coffees,please.
（6）the other+单数可数名词或不可数名词或复数可数名词表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。
The other boys are playing on the playground.
the other后不接任何词时，指“二者中的另一个。”
I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.

7．疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。

在句中成分 例句
主语 Who did it?
宾语 What are you doing?
定语 Whose bike is it?
补语 What do you call it in Japanese?
表语 Whose is this book?

(四)数词
1. 数词分类：

分类 在句中充当的成分 例词
基数词 主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语 one, eleven, fifty
序数词 主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语 second, eighth, fortieth

2．基数词的构成及用法：

类型 构成方法 例词
1-12 单独的词 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19 在3-9的词尾加上“-teen” thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20,30,40-90 以“-ty”结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
100,1000,1000,000,
1000 000 000, 百，千，百万，十亿都有具体量词 one/a hundred, one/a thousand,
one/a million, one/a billion
21-99 “几十”和“个位”之间用连字符“-” twenty-three,forty-eight
101-999 “百位”后“十位”前加“and” 826: eight hundred and twenty-six
1,000以上 先从右向左每三位数加一逗号，从右向左第一个逗号为thousand,第二个为million,第三个为billion,然后每三位为一单位从左向右读。 1，234，567，892: one billion, two hundred thirty-four million, five hundred sixty-seven thousand eight hund red and ninety-two

3.序数词的构成：

类 型 构成特点 例词及缩写式
one, two, three 单独记忆 first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)
four～nineteen 在基数词尾加-th fifth (5th), ninth (9th), twelfth (12th)
-ty结尾的词 把y→ie，在基数词尾加-th twentieth (20th), fiftieth (50th), fortieth (40th)
以1～9结尾的多位数 变个位数为序数词即可 twenty-first (21st), ninety-ninth (99th)
hundred, thousand, million, billion 在基数词尾加-th即可 hundredth (100th) thousandth (1,000th) millionth
(1,000,000th) billionth (1,000,000,000th)


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