在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。

被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，位于从句之前。定语从句有关系代词that、which、who、whose、whom和关系副词when 、where、why引导.

定语从句的基本结构为：

先行词 + 关系代/副词 + 句子

考点1. 关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词: when, where, why.

a. that-既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略;作宾语，可以省略;不引导非限定性定语从句

There are lots of things ________ I need to prepare before the trip. (10河北)

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

(答案: B)

b. which-指物，作主语，不能省略;作宾语，可以省略.可引导非限定性定语从句。

This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

(答案：A)

Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. (09河北)

A. what B. who C. whom D. which

(答案：D)

c. who-般指人，作主语，不能省略;作宾语，可以省略,(常用whom)

Jamie is a young cook ________ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)

A. who B. whose C. whom D. which

(答案：A)

d. whose 作定语,表示所属关系。

I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative. (09兰州)

A. which B. who C. what D. whose

(答案：D)

e. when 作时间状语:When =介词 + which

She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.

f. where 作地点状语 where = 介词 + which

I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.

g. why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason. why = for which

That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.

2. 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。

3. 有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有六种：

1).当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing ,或被它们修饰时。

That’s all that I know.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

2).当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

3).当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。

That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used.

4).当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.

Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?

5).先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.

The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

6).当关系代词在从句中作表语时。

China is not the country that it was.

4. 只用 which ,不用that 的情况：

1).关系代词前有介词时。

This is the cage that / which Polly lives in.

= This is the cage in which(where) Polly lives .

2).先行词本身为 that.

The clock is that which tells the time.

3). 在非限制性定语从句中。

His English, which used to be poor , is excellent now.

定语从句专项练习

1.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.

A. what B. who C. whom D. which

2.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?

A. what B. which C. who D. whom

4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.

A. / B. why C. when D. what

5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays.

A. where B. which C. what D. that

6.I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea.

A. which B. who C. what D. how

7.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.

A. when; who B. that; which

C. which; that D. when; which

8.Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?

A. that B. / C. which D. it

9.Is ________ some German friends visited last week?

A. this school B. this the school

C. this school one D. this school where

10.---What kind of music do you like?

---I like music ________ has great lyrics.

A. that B. what C. who D. whose

11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.

A. which B. that C. what D. where

12.The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.

A. which B. where C. what D. in which

13.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.

A. which I bought it B. I bought

C. what I bought D. I bought it

14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?

A. who B. whom C. which D. where

16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?

A. who B. whom C. which D. what

17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.

A. what B. whose C. whom D. which

18.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.

A. that B. who C. how D. why

19.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.

A. whom B. which C. who D. when

20.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.

A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is

21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

22.I love the small village ________ I was born.

A. that B. which C. where D. whose

23.Here comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.

A. which B. whose C. that D. who

24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

25.---Is the girl ________ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?

---Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

26.---Do you know everybody ________ came to the party?

---No, I don’t know the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.

A. who;/ B. whose; that

C. that; which D. /; whom

27.The boy________ won the first prize is called Roy.

A. when B. whom C. who D. which

28.Children like houses ________ are painted in different colours.

A. which B. they C. those D. what

29.Do you think most students prefer tests ________ have easy questions?

A. who B. where C. that D. it

30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.

A. where B. whose C. in which D. that

Keys:

1-5 DACAD

6-10 ADABA

11-15BABCA

16-20 ACACB

21-25 BCBBC

26-30ACACA