第二十一条　国家实行学业证书制度。

Article 21 The State applies a system of education certificates.

经国家批准设立或者认可的学校及其他教育机构按照国家有关规定，颁发学历证书或者其他学业证书。

Schools and other institutions of education established with the approval of or recognized by the State shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, grant educational qualification certificates or other education certificates.

第二十二条　国家实行学位制度。

Article 22 The State applies a system of academic degree.

学位授予单位依法对达到一定学术水平或者专业技术水平的人员授予相应的学位，颁发学位证书。

Institutions entitled to grant academic degrees shall grant to persons who have attained the required academic or professional or technical level corresponding academic degrees and issue to them degree certificates in accordance with law.

第二十三条　各级人民政府、基层群众性自治组织和企业事业组织应当采取各种措施，开展扫除文盲的教育工作。

Article 23 People's governments at various levels, grass-roots autonomous organizations of a mass character and enterprises and institutions shall take all kinds of measures to carry out literacy education program.

按照国家规定具有接受扫除文盲教育能力的公民，应当接受扫除文盲的教育。

Citizens capable of receiving literacy education according to relevant regulations of the State shall receive literacy education.

第二十四条　国家实行教育督导制度和学校及其他教育机构教育评估制度。

Article 24 The State applies an educational supervision system and an educational evaluation system for schools and other institutions of education.

第三章　学校及其他教育机构

CHAPTER III SCHOOLS AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS OF EDUCATION

第二十五条　国家制定教育发展规划，并举办学校及其他教育机构。

Article 25 The State formulates plans for the development of education and establishes and runs schools and other institutions of education.

国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人依法举办学校及其他教育机构。

The State encourages enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations, as well as individual citizens to establish and run schools or other institutions of education in accordance with law.

任何组织和个人不得以营利为目的举办学校及其他教育机构。

No organization or individual may establish or run a school or any other institution of education for profit-making purposes.

第二十六条　设立学校及其他教育机构，必须具备下列基本条件：

Article 26 For the establishment of a school or any other institution of education, the following basic conditions shall be fulfilled:

（一）有组织机构和章程；

(1) having an organizational structure and rules and regulations;

（二）有合格的教师；

(2) having qualified teachers;

（三）有符合规定标准的教学场所及设施、设备等；

(3) having teaching premises, facilities and equipment that are up to the required standards; and

（四）有必备的办学资金和稳定的经费来源。

(4) having the necessary funds for running the school as well as a stable source of funding.

第二十七条　学校及其他教育机构的设立、变更和终止，应当按照国家有关规定办理审核、批准、注册或者备案手续。

Article 27 The establishment, modification or termination of a school or any other institution of education shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, go through the formalities of examination, verification, approval and registration or filing for the record.

第二十八条　学校及其他教育机构行使下列权利：

Article 28 Schools and other institutions of education shall exercise the following rights:

（一）按照章程自主管理；

(1) to administer school affairs independently in accordance with their rules and regulations;

（二）组织实施教育教学活动；

(2) to organize and conduct educational and teaching activities;

（三）招收学生或者其他受教育者；

(3) to enroll students or other educatees;

（四）对受教育者进行学籍管理，实施奖励或者处分；

(4) to manage school roll and grant awards to or take disciplinary measures against educatees;

（五）对受教育者颁发相应的学业证书；

(5) to grant to educatees appropriate education certificates;

（六）聘任教师及其他职工，实施奖励或者处分；

(6) to recruit teachers, other staff and workers and grant awards to or take disciplinary measures against them;

（七）管理、使用本单位的设施和经费；

(7) to manage and use the facilities and financial resources of their own;

（八）拒绝任何组织和个人对教育教学活动的非法干涉；

(8) to brook no unlawful interference in their educational and teaching activities by any organization or individual; and

（九）法律、法规规定的其他权利。

(9) other rights prescribed by laws and regulations.

国家保护学校及其他教育机构的合法权益不受侵犯。

The State protects the lawful rights and interests of schools and other institutions of education from infringement.

第二十九条　学校及其他教育机构应当履行下列义务：

Article 29 Schools and other institutions of education shall fulfil the following obligations:

（一）遵守法律、法规；

(1) to observe laws and regulations;

（二）贯彻国家的教育方针，执行国家教育教学标准，保证教育教学质量；

(2) to implement the State's educational policies, apply the standards set by the State for education and teaching and guarantee the quality of education and teaching;

（三）维护受教育者、教师及其他职工的合法权益；

(3) to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the educatees, teachers and other staff and workers;

（四）以适当方式为受教育者及其监护人了解受教育者的学业成绩及其他有关情况提供便利；

(4) to provide convenience in appropriate ways for educatees and their guardians to have access to the educatees' academic performance and other relevant information;

（五）遵照国家有关规定收取费用并公开收费项目；

(5) to collect fees according to the regulations of the State and publicize the individual items of such fees; and

（六）依法接受监督。

(6) to be subjected to supervision according to law.

第三十条　学校及其他教育机构的举办者按照国家有关规定，确定其所举办的学校或者其他教育机构的管理体制。

Article 30 Organizations or individuals that establish and run schools or other institutions of education may, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, determine the management system for the schools or other institutions of education that they establish and run.

学校及其他教育机构的校长或者主要行政负责人必须由具有中华人民共和国国籍、在中国境内定居、并具备国家规定任职条件的公民担任，其任免按照国家有关规定办理。学校的教学及其他行政管理，由校长负责。

The president or the leading administrator of a school or any other institution of education shall be a citizen of the nationality of the People's Republic of China, who has settled down within the territory of China and meets the qualifications for the post prescribed by the State, and he or she shall be appointed or removed in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State. The president of a school shall be in charge of the school's teaching and administration.

学校及其他教育机构应当按照国家有关规定，通过以教师为主体的教职工代表大会等组织形式，保障教职工参与民主管理和监督。

Schools and other institutions of education shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations of the State guarantee that teachers, staff members and workers participate in the democratic management and supervision through the congress of teachers, staff members and workers with teachers as its main body, or through other forms.

第三十一条　学校及其他教育机构具备法人条件的，自批准设立或者登记注册之日起取得法人资格。

Article 31 A school or any other institution of education that meets the requirements for a legal person shall acquire the status of a legal person from the date on which its establishment is approved or it is registered.

学校及其他教育机构在民事活动中依法享有民事权利，承担民事责任。

A school or any other institution of education shall, in civil activities, enjoy civil rights and bear civil liabilities according to law.

学校及其他教育机构中的国有资产属于国家所有。

The State assets in a school or any other institution of education shall be owned by the State.

学校及其他教育机构兴办的校办产业独立承担民事责任。

Factories run by schools or other institutions of education shall bear civil liabilities independently.

第四章　教师和其他教育工作者

CHAPTER IV TEACHERS AND OTHER EDUCATORS

第三十二条教师享有法律规定的权利，履行法律规定的义务，忠诚于人民的教育事业。

Article 32 Teachers shall enjoy the rights prescribed by law, fulfil the obligations prescribed by law and devote themselves to the people's cause of education.

第三十三条　国家保护教师的合法权益，改善教师的工作条件和生活条件，提高教师的社会地位。

Article 33 The State protects the lawful rights and interests of teachers, improves their working and living conditions and enhances their social status.

教师的工资报酬、福利待遇，依照法律、法规的规定办理。

Salaries and welfare benefits for teachers shall be handled according to the provisions of laws and regulations.

第三十四条　国家实行教师资格、职务、聘任制度，通过考核、奖励、培养和培训，提高教师素质，加强教师队伍建设。

Article 34 The State applies a system of qualifications, posts and appoint-ment for teachers, enhances the quality of teachers and build a strong contingent of teachers by means of examination, awards and training.

第三十五条　学校及其他教育机构中的管理人员，实行教育职员制度。

Article 35 A system of educational administrators shall be applied for administrative personnel of schools and other institutions of education.

学校及其他教育机构中的教学辅助人员和其他专业技术人员，实行专业技术职务聘任制度。

A system of appointment for professional or technical post shall be applied for auxiliary teaching staff and other professional or technical personnel in schools and other institutions of education.

第三十六条　受教育者在入学、升学、就业等方面依法享有平等权利。

Article 36 Educatees shall according to law enjoy equal rights in enrollment, admission to schools of a higher level, employment, etc.

学校和有关行政部门应当按照国家有关规定，保障女子在入学、升学、就业、授予学位、派出留学等方面享有同男子平等的权利。

Schools and administrative departments concerned shall, in accordance with relevant regulations of the State, ensure that females enjoy equal rights with males in enrollment, admission to schools of a higher level, employment, conferment of academic degrees, dispatch for study abroad, etc.

第三十七条　国家、社会对符合入学条件、家庭经济困难的儿童、少年、青年，提供各种形式的资助。

Article 37 The State and society provide financial assistance of various forms to children, adolescents and youths who meet the conditions for school admission but whose families have financial difficulties.

第三十八条　国家、社会、学校及其他教育机构应当根据残疾人身心特性和需要实施教育，并为其提供帮助和便利。

Article 38 The State, society, schools and other institutions of education shall carry out education for the disabled in light of their physical and mental conditions and needs and provide them with assistance and convenience.

第三十九条　国家、社会、家庭、学校及其他教育机构应当为有违法犯罪行为的未成年人接受教育创造条件。

Article 39 The State, society, families, schools and other institutions of education shall create conditions for adolescent delinquents to receive education.

第四十条　从业人员有依法接受职业培训和继续教育的权利和义务。

Article 40 Employees shall have the right and obligation to receive voca-tional training and continuing education according to law.

国家机关、企业事业组织和其他社会组织，应当为本单位职工的学习和培训提供条件和便利。

State organs, enterprises and institutions as well as other social organizations shall create conditions and provide convenience for their staff and workers to study and receive training.