第八十一条 中华人民共和国主席代表中华人民共和国，接受外国使节；根据全国人民代表大会常务委员会的决定，派遣和召回驻外全权代表，批准和废除同外国缔结的条约和重要协定。

 

Article 81 The President of the People's Republic of China receives foreign diplomatic representatives on behalf of the People's Republic of China and, in pursuance of the decisions of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, appoints or recalls plenipotentiary representatives abroad, and ratifies or abrogates treaties and important agreements concluded with foreign states.

 

第八十二条 中华人民共和国副主席协助主席工作。

 

Article 82 The Vice-President of the People's Republic of China assists the President in his work. 

 

中华人民共和国副主席受主席的委托，可以代行主席的部分职权。

 

The Vice-President of the People's Republic of China may exercise such functions and powers of the President as the President may entrust to him.

 

第八十三条 中华人民共和国主席、副主席行使职权到下届全国人民代表大会选出的主席、副主席就职为止。

 

Article 83 The President and Vice-President of the People's Republic of China exercise their functions and powers until the new President and Vice- President elected by the succeeding National People's Congress assume office.

 

第八十四条 中华人民共和国主席缺位的时候，由副主席继任主席的职位。

 

Article 84 In the event that the office of the President of the People's Republic of China falls vacant, the Vice-President succeeds to the office of the President.

 

中华人民共和国副主席缺位的时候，由全国人民代表大会补选。

 

In the event that the office of the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China falls vacant, the National People's Congress shall elect a new Vice-President to fill the vacancy. 

 

中华人民共和国主席、副主席都缺位的时候，由全国人民代表大会补选；在补选以前，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长暂时代理主席职位。

 

In the event that the office of both the President and the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China fall vacant, the National People's Congress shall elect a new President and a new Vice-President. Prior to such election, the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall temporarily act as the President of the People's Republic of China.

 

第三节 国务院

 

Section 3 The State Council

 

第八十五条 中华人民共和国国务院，即中央人民政府，是最高国家权力机关的执行机关，是最高国家行政机关。

 

Article 85 The State Council, that is, the Central People's Government, of the People's Republic of China is the executive body of the highest organ of state power; it is the highest organ of state administration.

 

第八十六条 国务院由下列人员组成：

 

Article 86 The State Council is composed of the following: 

 

总理，副总理若干人，国务委员若干人，各部部长，各委员会主任，审计长，秘书长，

 

the Premier; the Vice-Premiers; the State Councillors; the Ministers in charge of ministries; the Ministers in charge of commissions; the Auditor-General; and the Secretary-General.

 

国务院实行总理负责制。各部、各委员会实行部长、主任负责制。国务院的组织由法律规定。

 

The Premier assumes overall responsibility for the work of the State Council. The Ministers assume overall responsibility for the work of the ministries and commissions. The organization of the State Council is prescribed by law.

 

第八十七条 国务院每届任期同全国人民代表大会每届任期相同。

 

Article 87 The term of office of the State Council is the same as that of the National People's Congress.

 

总理、副总理、国务委员连续任职不得超过两届。

 

The Premier, Vice-Premiers and State Councillors shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.

 

第八十八条 总理领导国务院的工作。副总理、国务委员协助总理工作。

 

Article 88 The Premier directs the work of the State Council. The Vice-Premiers and State Councillors assist the Premier in his work.

 

总理、副总理、国务委员、秘书长组成国务院常务会议。

 

Executive meetings of the State Council are to be attended by the Premier, the Vice-Premiers, the State Councillors and the Secretary-General of the State Council. 

 

总理召集和主持国务院常务会议和国务院全体会议。

 

The Premier convenes and presides over the executive meetings and plenary meetings of the State Council.

 

第八十九条 国务院行使下列职权：

 

Article 89 The State Council exercises the following functions and powers:

 

（一）根据宪法和法律，规定行政措施，制定行政法规，发布决定和命令；

 

 (1) to adopt administrative measures, enact administrative rules and regulations and issue decisions and orders in accordance with the Constitution and the law; 

 

（二）向全国人民代表大会或者全国人民代表大会常务委员会提出议案；

 

(2) to submit proposals to the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee;

 

（三）规定各部和各委员会的任务和职责，统一领导各部和各委员会的工作，并且领导不属于各部和各委员会的全国性的行政工作；

 

 (3) to formulate the tasks and responsibilities of the ministries and commissions of the State Council, to exercise unified leadership over the work of the ministries and commissions and to direct all other administrative work of a national character that does not fall within the jurisdiction of the ministries and commissions; 

 

（四）统一领导全国地方各级国家行政机关的工作，规定中央和省、自治区、直辖市的国家行政机关的职权的具体划分；

 

(4) to exercise unified leadership over the work of local organs of state administration at various levels throughout the country, and to formulate the detailed division of functions and powers between the Central Government and the organs of state administration of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

 

（五）编制和执行国民经济和社会发展计划和国家预算；

 

 (5) to draw up and implement the plan for national economic and social development and the state budget; 

 

（六）领导和管理经济工作和城乡建设；

 

(6) to direct and administer economic affairs and urban and rural development; 

 

（七）领导和管理教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育和计划生育工作；

 

(7) to direct and administer the affairs of education, science, culture, public health, physical culture and family planning; 

 

（八）领导和管理民政、公安、司法行政和监察等工作；

 

(8) to direct and administer civil affairs, public security, judicial administration, supervision and other related matters; 

 

（九）管理对外事务，同外国缔结条约和协定；

 

(9) to conduct foreign affairs and conclude treaties and agreements with foreign states;

 

（十）领导和管理国防建设事业；

 

 (10) to direct and administer the building of national defence;

 

（十一）领导和管理民族事务，保障少数民族的平等权利和民族自治地方的自治权利；

 

 (11) to direct and administer affairs concerning the nationalities and to safeguard the equal rights of minority nationalities and the right to autonomy of the national autonomous areas;

 

（十二）保护华侨的正当的权利和利益，保护归侨和侨眷的合法的权利和利益；

 

 (12) to protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing abroad and protect the lawful rights and interests of returned overseas Chinese and of the family members of Chinese nationals residing abroad; 

 

（十三）改变或者撤销各部、各委员会发布的不适当的命令、指示和规章；

 

(13) to alter or annul inappropriate orders, directives and regulations issued by the ministries or commissions; 

 

（十四）改变或者撤销地方各级国家行政机关的不适当的决定和命令；

 

(14) to alter or annul inappropriate decisions and orders issued by local organs of state administration at various levels; 

 

（十五）批准省、自治区、直辖市的区域划分，批准自治州、县、自治县、市的建置和区域划分；

 

(15) to approve the geographic division of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and to approve the establishment and geographic division of autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, and cities; 

 

（十六）决定省、自治区、直辖市的范围内部分地区的戒严；

 

(16) to decide on the imposition of martial law in parts of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government;

 

（十七）审定行政机构的编制，依照法律规定任免、培训、考核和奖惩行政人员；

 

 (17) to examine and decide on the size of administrative organs and, in accordance with the law, to appoint or remove administrative officials, train them, appraise their performance and reward or punish them; 

 

（十八）全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会授予的其他职权。

 

and (18) to exercise such other functions and powers as the National People's Congress or its Standing Committee may assign to it.

 

第九十条 国务院各部部长、各委员会主任负责本部门的工作；召集和主持部务会议或者委员会会议、委务会议，讨论决定本部门工作的重大问题。

 

Article 90 Ministers in charge of the ministries or commissions of the State Council are responsible for the work of their respective departments and they convene and preside over ministerial meetings or general and executive meetings of the commissions to discuss and decide on major issues in the work of their respective departments. 

 

各部、各委员会根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令，在本部门的权限内，发布命令、指示和规章。

 

The ministries and commissions issue orders, directives and regulations within the jurisdiction of their respective departments and in accordance with the law and the administrative rules and regulations, decisions and orders issued by the State Council.

 

第九十一条 国务院设立审计机关，对国务院各部门和地方各级政府的财政收支，对国家的财政金融机构和企业事业组织的财务收支，进行审计监督。

 

Article 91 The State Council establishes an auditing body to supervise through auditing the revenue and expenditure of all departments under the State Council and of the local governments at various levels, and the revenue and expenditure of all financial and monetary organizations, enterprises and institutions of the state.

 

审计机关在国务院总理领导下，依照法律规定独立行使审计监督权，不受其他行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。

 

Under the direction of the Premier of the State Council, the auditing body independently exercises its power of supervision through auditing in accordance with the law, subject to no interference by any other administrative organ or any public organization or individual.

 

第九十二条 国务院对全国人民代表大会负责并报告工作；在全国人民代表大会闭会期间，对全国人民代表大会常务委员会负责并报告工作。

 

Article 92 The State Council is responsible and reports on its work to the National People's Congress or, when the National People's Congress is not in session, to its Standing Committee.

 

第三章 国家机构 第四节 中央军事委员会

 

Section 4 The Central Military Commission

 

第九十三条 中华人民共和国中央军事委员会领导全国武装力量。

 

Article 93 The Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China directs the armed forces of the country.

 

中央军事委员会由下列人员组成：主席，副主席若干人，委员若干人，

 

The Central Military Commission is composed of the following: the Chairman; the Vice-Chairmen; and the members.

 

中央军事委员会实行主席负责制。

 

The Chairman assumes overall responsibility for the work of the Central Military Commission.

 

中央军事委员会每届任期同全国人民代表大会每届任期相同。

 

The term of office of the Central Military Commission is the same as that of the National People's Congress.

 

第九十四条 中央军事委员会主席对全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会负责。

 

Article 94 The Chairman of the Central Military Commission is responsible to the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee.

 

第三章 国家机构 第五节 地方各级人民代表大会 和地方各级人民政府

 

Section 5 The Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments at Various Levels

 

第九十五条 省、直辖市、县、市、市辖区、乡、民族乡、镇设立人民代表大会和人民政府#.

 

Article 95 People's congresses and people's governments are established in provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government, counties, cities, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships, and towns.

 

地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府的组织由法律规定。

 

The organization of local people's congresses and local people's governments at various levels is prescribed by law.

 

自治区、自治州、自治县设立自治机关。自治机关的组织和工作根据宪法第三章第五节、第六节规定的基本原则由法律规定。

 

Organs of self-government are established in autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties. The organization and working procedures of organs of self-government are prescribed by law in accordance with the basic principles laid down in Sections 5 and 6 of  Chapter III of the Constitution.

 

第九十六条 地方各级人民代表大会是地方国家权力机关。

 

Article 96 Local people's congresses at various levels are local organs of state power.

 

县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会设立常务委员会。

 

 Local people's congresses at and above the county level establish standing committees.

 

第九十七条 省、直辖市、设区的市的人民代表大会代表由下一级的人民代表大会选举；县、不设区的市、市辖区、乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会代表由选民直接选举。

 

Article 97 Deputies to the people's congresses of provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts are elected by the people's congresses at the next lower level; deputies to the people's congresses of counties, cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships, and towns are elected directly by their constituencies.

 

地方各级人民代表大会代表名额和代表产生办法由法律规定。

 

The number of deputies to local people's congresses at various levels and the manner of their election are prescribed by law.

 

第九十八条 省、直辖市、设区的市的人民代表大会每届任期五年。县、不设区的市、市辖区、乡、民族乡、镇的人民代表大会每届任期三年。

 

Article 98 The term of office of the people's congresses of provinces, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities divided into districts is five years. The term of office of the people's congresses of counties, cities not divided into districts, municipal districts, townships, nationality townships, and towns is three years.

 

第九十九条 地方各级人民代表大会在本行政区域内，保证宪法、法律、行政法规的遵守和执行；依照法律规定的权限，通过和发布决议，审查和决定地方的经济建设、文化建设和公共事业建设的计划。

 

Article 99 Local people's congresses at various levels ensure the observance and implementation of the Constitution and the law and the administrative rules and regulations in their respective administrative areas. Within the limits of their authority as prescribed by law, they adopt and issue resolutions and examine and decide on plans for local economic and cultural development and for the development of public services.  

 

县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会审查和批准本行政区域内的国民经济和社会发展计划、预算以及它们的执行情况的报告；有权改变或者撤销本级人民代表大会常务委员会不适当的决定。

 

Local people's congresses at and above the county level shall examine and approve the plans for economic and social development and the budgets of their respective administrative areas and examine and approve the reports on their implementation. They have the power to alter or annul inappropriate decisions of their own standing committees.

 

民族乡的人民代表大会可以依照法律规定的权限采取适合民族特点的具体措施。

 

The people's congresses of nationality townships may, within the limits of their authority as prescribed by law, take specific measures suited to the characteristics of the nationalities concerned.

 

第一百条 省、直辖市的人民代表大会和它们的常务委员会，在不同宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的前提下，可以制定地方性法规，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。

 

Article 100 The people's congresses of provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government and their standing committees may adopt local regulations, which must not contravene the Constitution and the law and administrative rules and regulations, and they shall report such local regulations to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.