第四十一条 中华人民共和国公民对于任何国家机关和国家工作人员，有提出批评和建议的权利；对于任

何国家机关和国家工作人员的违法失职行为，有向有关国家机关提出申诉、控告或者检举的权利，但是

不得捏造或者歪曲事实进行诬告陷害。

Article 41 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to criticize and make

suggestions regarding any state organ or functionary. Citizens have the right to make to

relevant state organs complaints or charges against, or exposures of, any state organ or

functionary for violation of the law or dereliction of duty; but fabrication or distortion

of facts for purposes of libel or false incrimination is prohibited.

对于公民的申诉、控告或者检举，有关国家机关必须查清事实，负责处理。

The state organ concerned must deal with complaints, charges or exposures made by citizens

in a responsible manner after ascertaining the facts.  

任何人不得压制和打击报复。

No one may suppress such complaints, charges and exposures or retaliate against the

citizens making them.

由于国家机关和国家工作人员侵犯公民权利而受到损失的人，有依照法律规定取得赔偿的权利。

Citizens who have suffered losses as a result of infringement of their civic rights by any

state organ or functionary have the right to compensation in accordance with the law.

第四十二条 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。

Article 42 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right as well as the duty to

work.  

国家通过各种途径，创造劳动就业条件，加强劳动保护，改善劳动条件，并在发展生产的基础上，提高

劳动报酬和福利待遇。

Through various channels, the state creates conditions for employment, enhances

occupational safety and health, improves working conditions and, on the basis of expanded

production, increases remuneration for work and welfare benefits.

 

劳动是一切有劳动能力的公民的光荣职责。国营企业和城乡集体经济组织的劳动者都应当以国家主人翁

的态度对待自己的劳动。

 

Work is a matter of honour for every citizen who is able to work. All working people in

state enterprises and in urban and rural economic collectives should approach their work as

the masters of the country that they are.

 

国家提倡社会主义劳动竞赛，奖励劳动模范和先进工作者。国家提倡公民从事义务劳动。

 

 The state promotes socialist labour emulation, and commends and rewards model and advanced

workers. The state encourages citizens to take part in voluntary labour.

 

国家对就业前的公民进行必要的劳动就业训练。

 

The state provides necessary vocational training for citizens before they are employed.

 

第四十三条 中华人民共和国劳动者有休息的权利。

 

Article 43 Working people in the People's Republic of China have the right to rest.

 

国家发展劳动者休息和休养的设施，规定职工的工作时间和休假制度。

 

The state expands facilities for the rest and recuperation of the working people and

prescribes working hours and vacations for workers and staff.

 

第四十四条 国家依照法律规定实行企业事业组织的职工和国家机关工作人员的退休制度。退休人员的生

活受到国家和社会的保障。

 

Article 44 The state applies the system of retirement for workers and staff of enterprises

and institutions and for functionaries of organs of state according to law. The livelihood

of retired personnel is ensured by the state and society.

 

第四十五条 中华人民共和国公民在年老、疾病或者丧失劳动能力的情况下，有从国家和社会获得物质帮

助的权利。

 

Article 45 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the right to material assistance

from the state and society when they are old, ill or disabled.

 

国家发展为公民享受这些权利所需要的社会保险、社会救济和医疗卫生事业。

 

The state develops social insurance, social relief and medical and health services that are

required for citizens to enjoy this right.

 

国家和社会保障残废军人的生活，抚恤烈士家属，优待军人家属。

 

The state and society ensure the livelihood of disabled members of the armed forces,

provide pensions to the families of martyrs and give preferential treatment to the families

of military personnel.

 

国家和社会帮助安排盲、聋、哑和其他有残疾的公民的劳动、生活和教育。

 

The state and society help make arrangements for the work, livelihood and education of the

blind, deaf-mutes and other handicapped citizens.

 

第四十六条 中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。

 

Article 46 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the duty as well as the right to

receive education.

 

国家培养青年、少年、儿童在品德、智力、体质等方面全面发展。

 

The state promotes the all-round development of children and young people, morally,

intellectually and physically.

 

第四十七条 中华人民共和国公民有进行科学研究、文学艺术创作和其他文化活动的自由。国家对于从事

教育、科学、技术、文学、艺术和其他文化事业的公民的有益于人民的创造性工作，给以鼓励和帮助。

 

Article 47 Citizens of the People's Republic of China have the freedom to engage in

scientific research, literary and artistic creation and other cultural pursuits. The state

encourages and assists creative endeavors conducive to the interests of the people that are

made by citizens engaged in education, science, technology, literature, art and other

cultural work.

 

第四十八条 中华人民共和国妇女在政治的、经济的、文化的、社会的和家庭的生活等各方面享有同男子

平等的权利。

 

Article 48 Women in the People's Republic of China enjoy equal rights with men in all

spheres of life, in political, economic, cultural, social and family life.

 

国家保护妇女的权利和利益，实行男女同工同酬，培养和选拔妇女干部。

 

The state protects the rights and interests of women, applies the principle of equal pay

for equal work to men and women alike and trains and selects cadres from among women.

 

第四十九条 婚姻、家庭、母亲和儿童受国家的保护。

 

Article 49 Marriage, the family and mother and child are protected by the state.

 

夫妻双方有实行计划生育的义务。

 

Both husband and wife have the duty to practise family planning.

 

父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。

 

Parents have the duty to rear and educate their children who are minors, and children who

have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. Violation of the

freedom of marriage is prohibited.

 

禁止破坏婚姻自由，禁止虐待老人、妇女和儿童。

 

Maltreatment of old people, women and children is prohibited.

 

第五十条 中华人民共和国保护华侨的正当的权利和利益，保护归侨和侨眷的合法的权利和利益。

 

Article 50 The People's Republic of China protects the legitimate rights and interests of

Chinese nationals residing abroad and protects the lawful rights and interests of returned

overseas Chinese and of the family members of Chinese nationals residing abroad.

 

第五十一条 中华人民共和国公民在行使自由和权利的时候，不得损害国家的、社会的、集体的利益和其

他公民的合法的自由和权利。

 

Article 51 Citizens of the People's Republic of China, in exercising their freedoms and

rights, may not infringe upon the interests of the state, of society or of the collective,

or upon the lawful freedoms and rights of other citizens.

 

第五十二条 中华人民共和国公民有维护国家统一和全国各民族团结的义务。

 

Article 52 It is the duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to safeguard the

unification of the country and the unity of all its nationalities.

 

第五十三条 中华人民共和国公民必须遵守宪法和法律，保守国家秘密，爱护公共财产，遵守劳动纪律，

遵守公共秩序，尊重社会公德。

 

Article 53 Citizens of the People's Republic of China must abide by the Constitution and

the law, keep state secrets, protect public property, observe labour discipline and public

order and respect social ethics.

 

第五十四条 中华人民共和国公民有维护祖国的安全、荣誉和利益的义务，不得有危害祖国的安全、荣誉

和利益的行为。

 

Article 54 It is the duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to safeguard the

security, honour and interests of the motherland; they must not commit acts detrimental to

the security, honour and interests of the motherland.

 

第五十五条 保卫祖国、抵抗侵略是中华人民共和国每一个公民的神圣职责。

 

Article 55 It is the sacred duty of every citizen of the People's Republic of China to

defend the motherland and resist aggression.

 

依照法律服兵役和参加民兵组织是中华人民共和国公民的光荣义务。

 

It is the honorable duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military

service and join the militia in accordance with the law.

 

第五十六条 中华人民共和国公民有依照法律纳税的义务。

 

Article 56 It is duty of citizens of the People's Republic of China to pay taxes in

accordance with the law.

 

第三章 国家机构 第一节 全国人民代表大会

 

Chapter III The Structure of the State Section 1 The National People's Congress

 

第五十七条 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。它的常设机关是全国人民代表大会

常务委员会。

 

Article 57 The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China is the highest

organ of state power. Its permanent body is the Standing Committee of the National People's

Congress.

 

第五十八条 全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。

 

Article 58 The National People's Congress and its Standing Committee exercise the

legislative power of the state.

 

第五十九条 全国人民代表大会由省、自治区、直辖市和军队选出的代表组成。各少数民族都应当有适当

名额的代表。

 

Article 59 The National People's Congress is composed of deputies elected from the

provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and

of deputies elected from the armed forces. All the minority nationalities are entitled to

appropriate representation.

 

全国人民代表大会代表的选举由全国人民代表大会常务委员会主持。

 

Election of deputies to the National People's Congress is conducted by the Standing

Committee of the National People's Congress.

 

全国人民代表大会代表名额和代表产生办法由法律规定。

 

The number of deputies to the National People's Congress and the procedure of their

election are prescribed by law.

 

第六十条 全国人民代表大会每届任期五年。

 

Article 60 The National People's Congress is elected for a term of five years.

 

全国人民代表大会任期届满的两个月以前，全国人民代表大会常务委员会必须完成下届全国人民代表大

会代表的选举。

 

The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress must ensure the completion of

election of deputies to the succeeding National People's Congress two months prior to the

expiration of the term of office of the current National People's Congress. 

 

如果遇到不能进行选举的非常情况，由全国人民代表大会常务委员会以全体组成人员的三分之二以上的

多数通过，可以推迟选举，延长本届全国人民代表大会的任期。

 

Should extraordinary circumstances prevent such an election, it may be postponed and the

term of office of the current National People's Congress extended by the decision of a vote

of more than two-thirds of all those on the Standing Committee of the current National

People's Congress. 

在非常情况结束后一年内，必须完成下届全国人民代表大会代表的选举。

The election of deputies to the succeeding National People's Congress must be completed

within one year after the termination of such extraordinary circumstances.