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Louisiana  路易斯安那州

Caribbean  加勒比海的

Now I'd like to briefly introduce to you varieties of English. From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words "froze" when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call "Americanisms" are in fact an original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain. For example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies. Spanish also had an influence on American English and subsequently British English, with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words through Louisiana and West African words through the slave trade also influenced American English and so, to an extent, British English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the U.S.A.'s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology including the Internet. But there are many other varieties of English around the world, such as Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English.
现在，我要简要介绍英语变体。从大约1600年开始，英国在北美建立殖民地，导致独特美国英语的诞生。一些英语发音和词语到了美国后，“冻结”了。从某种程度上说，美国英语比现代英国英语更像莎士比亚时期的英语。一些被英国人称为“美国腔”的表达实际上是原始英式表达，它在美洲殖民地得以保存，却在英国本土小时了一段时间。例如，美国人说"trash"表示“垃圾”，而英国人则说"rubbish"，“贷款”"loan"为动词，而非"lend"，美国人用"fall"表示“秋天”，而英国人则用"autumn"；还有一例，"frame-up"这个词通过好莱坞警匪片重返英国。西班牙语对美国英语也产生了影响，相应也影响了英国英语。西班牙语词“峡谷”、“大农场”、“蜂拥”和“义务警员”通过在美国西部的流传，进入英语词汇。在路易斯安那州传播的法语和非洲西部的奴隶贸易影响了美国英语，并且，从一定程度上，影响了英式英语。 今天，由于美国在电影、电视、流行音乐、贸易和科技，包括互联网占据主导地位，美式英语尤其具有影响力。但是，世界上还有其他英语变体，比如澳大利亚英语、新西兰英语、加拿大英语、南非英语、印度英语和加勒比英语。