第四十一条 提起诉讼应当符合下列条件：

Article 41 The following requirements shall be met when a suit is brought:

（一）原告是认为具体行政行为侵犯其合法权益的公民、法人或者其他组织；

(1) the plaintiff must be a citizen, a legal person or any other organization that considers a specific administrative act to have infringed upon his or its lawful rights and interests;

（二）有明确的被告；

(2) there must be a specific defendant or defendants;

（三）有具体的诉讼请求和事实根据；

(3) there must be a specific claim and a corresponding factual basis for the suit;

（四）属于人民法院受案范围和受诉人民法院管辖。

and (4) the suit must fall within the scope of cases acceptable to the people's courts and the specific jurisdiction of the people's court where it is filed.

第四十二条 人民法院接到起诉状，经审查，应当在七日内立案或者作出裁定不予受理。原告对裁定不服的，可以提起上诉。

Article 42 When a people's court receives a bill of complaint, it shall, upon examination, file a case within seven days or decide to reject the complaint. If the plaintiff refuses to accept the decision, he may appeal to a people's court.

第七章 审理和判决

Chapter VII Trial and Judgment

第四十三条 人民法院应当在立案之日起五日内，将起诉状副本发送被告。

Article 43 A people's court shall send a copy of the bill of complaint to the defendant within five days of filing the case.

被告应当在收到起诉状副本之日起十日内向人民法院提交作出具体行政行为的有关材料，并提出答辩状。

The defendant shall provide the people's court with the documents on the basis of which a specific administrative act has been undertaken and file a bill of defence within ten days of receiving the copy of the bill of complaint.

人民法院应当在收到答辩状之日起五日内，将答辩状副本发送原告。

The people's court shall send a copy of the bill of defence to the plaintiff within five days of receiving it.

被告不提出答辩状的，不影响人民法院审理。

Failure by the defendant to file a bill of defence shall not prevent the case from being tried by the people's court.

第四十四条 诉讼期间，不停止具体行政行为的执行。但有下列情形之一的，停止具体行政行为的执行：

Article 44 During the time of legal proceedings, execution of the specific administrative act shall not be suspended. Execution of the specific administrative act shall be suspended under one of the following circumstances:

（一）被告认为需要停止执行的；

(1) where suspension is deemed necessary by the defendant;

（二）原告申请停止执行，人民法院认为该具体行政行为的执行会造成难以弥补的损失，并且停止执行不损害社会公共利益，裁定停止执行的；

(2) where suspension of execution is ordered by the people's court at the request of the plaintiff because, in the view of the people's court, execution of the specific administrative act will cause irremediable losses and suspension of the execution will not harm public interests;

（三）法律、法规规定停止执行的。

 or (3) where suspension of execution is required by the provisions of laws or regulations.

第四十五条 人民法院公开审理行政案件，但涉及国家秘密、个人隐私和法律另有规定的除外。

Article 45 Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried in public, except for those that involve state secrets or the private affairs of individuals or are otherwise provided for by law.

第四十六条 人民法院审理行政案件，由审判员组成合议庭，或者由审判员、陪审员组成合议庭。合议庭的成员，应当是三人以上的单数。

Article 46 Administrative cases in the people's courts shall be tried by a collegial panel of judges or of judges and assessors. The number of members of a collegial panel shall be an odd number of three or more.

第四十七条 当事人认为审判人员与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系可能影响公正审判，有权申请审判人员回避。

Article 47 If a party considers a member of the judicial personnel to have an interest in the case or to be otherwise related to it, which may affect the impartial handling of the case, the party shall have the right to demand his withdrawal.

审判人员认为自己与本案有利害关系或者有其他关系，应当申请回避。

If a member of the judicial personnel considers himself to have an interest in the case or to be otherwise related to it, he shall apply for withdrawal.

前两款规定，适用于书记员、翻译人员、鉴定人、勘验人。

The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall apply to court clerks, interpreters, expert witnesses and persons who conduct inquests.

院长担任审判长时的回避，由审判委员会决定；

The withdrawal of the president of the court as the chief judge shall be decided by the court's adjudication committee;

审判人员的回避，由院长决定；其他人员的回避，由审判长决定。

the withdrawal of a member of the judicial personnel shall be decided by the president of the court;　the withdrawal of other personnel shall be decided by the chief judge.

当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。

Parties who refuse to accept the decision may apply for reconsideration.

第四十八条 经人民法院两次合法传唤，原告无正当理由拒不到庭的，视为申请撤诉；被告无正当理由拒不到庭的，可以缺席判决。

Article 48 If the plaintiff refuses to appear in court without justified reasons after being twice legally summoned by the people's court, the court shall consider this an application for the withdrawal of the suit; if the defendant refuses to appear in court without justified reasons, the court may make a judgment by default.

第四十九条 诉讼参与人或者其他人有下列行为之一的，人民法院可以根据情节轻重，予以训诫、责令具结悔过或者处一千元以下的罚款、十五日以下的拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：

Article 49 If a participant in the proceedings or any other person commits any of the following acts, the people's court may, according to the seriousness of his offence, reprimand him, order him to sign a statement of repentance or impose upon him a fine of not more than 1,000 yuan or detain him for not longer than 15 days; if a crime is constituted, his criminal responsibility shall be investigated:

（一）有义务协助执行的人，对人民法院的协助执行通知书，无故推拖、拒绝或者妨碍执行的；

(1) evading without reason, refusing to assist in or obstructing the execution of the notice of a people's court for assistance in its execution by a person who has the duty to render assistance;

（二）伪造、隐藏、毁灭证据的；

(2) forging, concealing or destroying evidence;

（三）指使、贿买、胁迫他人作伪证或者威胁、阻止证人作证的；

(3) instigating, suborning or threatening others to commit perjury or hindering witnesses from giving testimony;

（四）隐藏、转移、变卖、毁损已被查封、扣押、冻结的财产的；

(4) concealing, transferring, selling or destroying the property that has been sealed up, seized or frozen;

（五）以暴力、威胁或者其他方法阻碍人民法院工作人员执行职务或者扰乱人民法院工作秩序的；

(5) using violence, threats or other means to hinder the personnel of a people's court from performing their duties or disturbing the order of the work of a people's court;

（六）对人民法院工作人员、诉讼参与人、协助执行人侮辱、诽谤、诬陷、殴打或者打击报复的。

or (6) insulting, slandering, framing, beating or retaliating against the personnel of a people's court, participants in proceedings or personnel who assist in the execution of duties;

罚款、拘留须经人民法院院长批准。当事人对决定不服的，可以申请复议。

A fine or detention must be approved by the president of a people's court. Parties who refuse to accept the punishment decision may apply for reconsideration.

第五十条 人民法院审理行政案件，不适用调解。

Article 50 A people's court shall not apply conciliation in handling an administrative case.

第五十一条 人民法院对行政案件宣告判决或者裁定前，原告申请撤诉的，或者被告改变其所作的具体行政行为，原告同意并申请撤诉的，是否准许，由人民法院裁定。

Article 51 Before a people's court announces its judgment or order on an administrative case, if the plaintiff applies for the withdrawal of the suit, or if the defendant amends its specific administrative act and, as a result, the plaintiff agrees and applies for the withdrawal of the suit, the people's court shall decide whether or not to grant the approval.

第五十二条 人民法院审理行政案件，以法律和行政法规、地方性法规为依据。地方性法规适用于本行政区域内发生的行政案件。

Article 52 In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take the law, administrative rules and regulations and local regulations as the criteria. Local regulations shall be applicable to administrative cases within the corresponding administrative areas.

人民法院审理民族自治地方的行政案件，并以该民族自治地方的自治条例和单行条例为依据。

In handling administrative cases of a national autonomous area, the people's courts shall also take the regulations on autonomy and separate regulations of the national autonomous area as the criteria.

第五十三条 人民法院审理行政案件，参照国务院部、委根据法律和国务院的行政法规、决定、命令制定、发布的规章以及省、自治区、直辖市和省、自治区的人民政府所在地的市和经国务院批准的较大的市的人民政府根据法律和国务院的行政法规制定、发布的规章。

Article 53 In handling administrative cases, the people's courts shall take, as references, regulations formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under the State Council in accordance with the law and administrative rules and regulations, decisions or orders of the State Council and regulations formulated and announced, in accordance with the law and administrative rules and regulations of the State Council, by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, of the cities where the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions are located, and of the larger cities approved as such by the State Council.

人民法院认为地方人民政府制定、发布的规章与国务院部、委制定、发布的规章不一致的，以及国务院部、委制定、发布的规章之间不一致的，由最高人民法院送请国务院作出解释或者裁决。

If a people's court considers regulations formulated and announced by a local people's government to be inconsistent with regulations formulated and announced by a ministry or commission under the State Council, or if it considers regulations formulated and announced by ministries or commissions under the State Council to be inconsistent with each other, the Supreme People's Court shall refer the matter to the State Council for interpretation or ruling.

第五十四条 人民法院经过审理，根据不同情况，分别作出以下判决：

Article 54 After hearing a case, a people's court shall make the following judgments according to the varying conditions:

（一）具体行政行为证据确凿，适用法律、法规正确，符合法定程序的，判决维持。

(1) If the evidence for undertaking a specific administrative act is conclusive, the application of the law and regulations to the act is correct, and the legal procedure is complied with, the specific administrative act shall be sustained by judgment.

（二）具体行政行为有下列情形之一的，判决撤销或者部分撤销，并可以判决被告重新作出具体行政行为：

(2) If a specific administrative act has been undertaken in one of the following circumstances, the act shall be annulled or partially annulled by judgment, or the defendant may be required by judgment to undertake a specific administrative act anew:

⒈主要证据不足的；

a. inadequacy of essential evidence;

⒉适用法律、法规错误的；

b. erroneous application of the law or regulations;

⒊违反法定程序的；

c. violation of legal procedure;

⒋超越职权的；

d. exceeding authority;

⒌滥用职权的。

or e. abuse of powers.

（三）被告不履行或者拖延履行法定职责的，判决其在一定期限内履行。

(3) If a defendant fails to perform or delays the performance of his statutory duty, a fixed time shall be set by judgment for his performance of the duty.

（四）行政处罚显失公正的，可以判决变更。

(4) If an administrative sanction is obviously unfair, it may be amended by judgment.

第五十五条 人民法院判决被告重新作出具体行政行为的，被告不得以同一的事实和理由作出与原具体行政行为基本相同的具体行政行为。

Article 55 A defendant who has been judged by a people's court to undertake a specific administrative act anew must not, based on the same fact and reason, undertake a specific administrative act essentially identical with the original act.

第五十六条 人民法院在审理行政案件中，认为行政机关的主管人员、直接责任人员违反政纪的，应当将有关材料移送该行政机关或者其上一级行政机关或者监察、人事机关；

Article 56 In handling administrative cases, if a people's court considers the head of an administrative organ or the person directly in charge to have violated administrative discipline, it shall transfer the relevant materials to the administrative organ or the administrative organ at the next higher level or to a supervisory or personnel department;

认为有犯罪行为的，应当将有关材料移送公安、检察机关。

if a people's court considers the person to have committed a crime, it shall transfer the relevant materials to the public security and procuratorial organs.

第五十七条 人民法院应当在立案之日起三个月内作出第一审判决。

Article 57 A people's court shall pass a judgment of first instance within three months from the day of filing the case.

有特殊情况需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理第一审案件需要延长的，由最高人民法院批准。

Extent of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be approved by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling a case of first instance by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling a case of first instance by a higher people's court shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.

第五十八条 当事人不服人民法院第一审判决的，有权在判决书送达之日起十五日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。

Article 58 If a party refuses to accept a judgment of first instance by a people's court, he shall have the right to file an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 15 days of the serving of the written judgment.

当事人不服人民法院第一审裁定的，有权在裁定书送达之日起十日内向上一级人民法院提起上诉。

If a party refuses to accept an order of first instance by a people's court, he shall have the right to file an appeal with the people's court at the next higher level within 10 days of the serving of the written order.

逾期不提起上诉的，人民法院的第一审判决或者裁定发生法律效力。

All judgments and orders of first instance by a people's court that have not been appealed within the prescribed time limit shall be legally effective.

第五十九条 人民法院对上诉案件，认为事实清楚的，可以实行书面审理。

Article 59 A people's court may handle an appealed case by examining the court records, if it considers the facts clearly ascertained.

第六十条 人民法院审理上诉案件，应当在收到上诉状之日起两个月内作出终审判决。

Article 60 In handling an appealed case, a people's court shall make a final judgment within two months from the day of receiving the appeal.

有特殊情况需要延长的，由高级人民法院批准，高级人民法院审理上诉案件需要延长的，由最高人民法院批准。

Extent of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be approved by a higher people's court, extent of the time limit for handling an appealed case by a higher people's court shall be approved by the Supreme People's Court.

第六十一条 人民法院审理上诉案件，按照下列情形，分别处理：

Article 61 A people's court shall handle an appealed case respectively according to the conditions set forth below:

（一）原判决认定事实清楚，适用法律、法规正确的，判决驳回上诉，维持原判；

(1) if the facts are clearly ascertained and the law and regulations are correctly applied in the original judgment, the appeal shall be rejected and the original judgment sustained;

（二）原判决认定事实清楚，但是适用法律、法规错误的，依法改判；

(2) if the facts are clearly ascertained but the law and regulations are incorrectly applied in the original judgment, the judgment shall be amended according to the law and regulations;

（三）原判决认定事实不清，证据不足，或者由于违反法定程序可能影响案件正确判决的，裁定撤销原判，发回原审人民法院重审，也可以查清事实后改判。

 or (3) if the facts are not clearly ascertained in the original judgment or the evidence is insufficient, or a violation of the prescribed procedure may have affected the correctness of the original judgment, the original judgment shall be rescinded and the case remanded to the original people's court for retrial, or the people's court of the second instance may amend the judgment after investigating and clarifying the facts.

当事人对重审案件的判决、裁定，可以上诉。

The parties may appeal against the judgment or order rendered in a retrial of their case.

第六十二条 当事人对已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，认为确有错误的，可以向原审人民法院或者上一级人民法院提出申诉，但判决、裁定不停止执行。

Article 62 If a party considers that a legally effective judgment or order contains some definite error, he may make complaints to the people's court which tried the case or to a people's court at a higher level, but the execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended.

第六十三条 人民法院院长对本院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现违反法律、法规规定认为需要再审的，应当提交审判委员会决定是否再审。

Article 63 If the president of a people's court finds a violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective judgment or order of his court and deems it necessary to have the case retried, he shall refer the matter to the adjudication committee, which shall decide whether a retrial is necessary.

上级人民法院对下级人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现违反法律、法规规定的，有权提审或者指令下级人民法院再审。

If a people's court at a higher level finds a violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective judgment or order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall have the power to bring the case up for trial itself or direct the people's court at the lower level to conduct a retrial.

第六十四条 人民检察院对人民法院已经发生法律效力的判决、裁定，发现违反法律、法规规定的，有权按照审判监督程序提出抗诉。

Article 64 If the people's procuratorate finds a violation of provisions of the law or regulations in a legally effective judgement or order of a people's court, it shall have the right to lodge a protest in accordance with procedures of judicial supervision.

第八章 执 行

Chapter VII Execution

第六十五条 当事人必须履行人民法院发生法律效力的判决、裁定。

Article 65 The parties must perform the legally effective judgment or order of the people's court.

公民、法人或者其他组织拒绝履行判决、裁定的，行政机关可以向第一审人民法院申请强制执行，或者依法强制执行。

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization refuses to perform the judgment or order, the administrative organ may apply to a people's court of first instance for compulsory execution or proceed with compulsory execution according to law.

行政机关拒绝履行判决、裁定的，第一审人民法院可以采取以下措施：

If an administrative organ refuses to perform the judgment or order, the people's court of first instance may adopt the following measures:

（一）对应当归还的罚款或者应当给付的赔偿金，通知银行从该行政机关的帐户内划拨；

(1) informing the bank to transfer from the administrative organ's account the amount of the fine that should be returned or the damages that should be paid;

（二）在规定期限内不执行的，从期满之日起，对该行政机关按日处五十元至一百元的罚款；

(2) imposing a fine of 50 to 100 yuan per day on an administrative organ that fails to perform the judgment or order within the prescribed time limit, counting from the day when the time limit expires;

（三）向该行政机关的上一级行政机关或者监察、人事机关提出司法建议。接受司法建议的机关，根据有关规定进行处理，并将处理情况告知人民法院；

(3) putting forward a judicial proposal to the administrative organ superior to the administrative organ in question or to a supervisory or personnel department; the organ or department that accepts the judicial proposal shall deal with the matter in accordance with the relevant provisions and inform the people's court of its disposition;

（四）拒不执行判决、裁定，情节严重构成犯罪的，依法追究主管人员和直接责任人员的刑事责任。

and (4) if an administrative organ refuses to execute a judgment or order, and the circumstances are so serious that a crime is constituted, the head of the administrative organ and the person directly in charge shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

第六十六条 公民、法人或者其他组织对具体行政行为在法定期间不提起诉讼又不履行的，行政机关可以申请人民法院强制执行，或者依法强制执行。

Article 66 If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization, during the period prescribed by law, neither brings a suit nor carries out the specific administrative act, the administrative organ may apply to a people's court for compulsory execution, or proceed with compulsory execution according to law.

第九章 侵权赔偿责任

Chapter IX Liability for Compensation for Infringement of Rights

第六十七条 公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益受到行政机关或者行政机关工作人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯造成损害的，有权请求赔偿。

Article 67 A citizen, a legal person or any other organization who suffers damage because of the infringement upon his or its lawful rights and interests by a specific administrative act of an administrative organ or the personnel of an administrative organ, shall have the right to claim compensation.

公民、法人或者其他组织单独就损害赔偿提出请求，应当先由行政机关解决。

If a citizen, a legal person or any other organization makes an independent claim for damages, the case shall first be dealt with by an administrative organ.

对行政机关的处理不服，可以向人民法院提起诉讼。

Anyone who refuses to accept the disposition by the administrative organ may file a suit in a people's court.

赔偿诉讼可以适用调解。

Conciliation may be applied in handling a suit for damages.

第六十八条 行政机关或者行政机关工作人员作出的具体行政行为侵犯公民、法人或者其他组织的合法权益造成损害的，由该行政机关或者该行政机关工作人员所在的行政机关负责赔偿。

Article 68 If a specific administrative act undertaken by an administrative organ or the personnel of an administrative organ infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or any other organization and causes damage, the administrative organ or the administrative organ to which the above-mentioned personnel belongs shall be liable for compensation.

行政机关赔偿损失后，应当责令有故意或者重大过失的行政机关工作人员承担部分或者全部赔偿费用。

After paying the compensation, the administrative organ shall instruct those members of its personnel who have committed intentional or gross mistakes in the case to bear part or all of the damages.

第六十九条 赔偿费用，从各级财政列支。各级人民政府可以责令有责任的行政机关支付部分或者全部赔偿费用。具体办法由国务院规定。

Article 69 The cost of compensation shall be included as an expenditure in the government budget at various levels. The people's governments at various levels may order the administrative organs responsible for causing the compensation to bear part or all of the damages. The specific measures thereof shall be formulated by the State Council.

第十章 涉外行政诉讼

Chapter X Administrative Procedure Involving Foreign Interests

第七十条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，适用本法。法律另有规定的除外。

Article 70 This Law shall be applicable to foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations that are engaged in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China, except as otherwise provided for by law.

第七十一条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，同中华人民共和国公民、组织有同等的诉讼权利和义务。

Article 71 Foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations that are engaged in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China shall have the same litigation rights and obligations as citizens and organizations of the People's Republic of China.

外国法院对中华人民共和国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利加以限制的，人民法院对该国公民、组织的行政诉讼权利，实行对等原则。

Should the courts of a foreign country impose restrictions on the administrative litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese people's courts shall follow the principle of reciprocity regarding the administrative litigation rights of the citizens and organizations of that foreign country.

第七十二条 中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约同本法有不同规定的，适用该国际条约的规定。中华人民共和国声明保留的条款除外。

Article 72 If an international treaty concluded or acceded to by the People's Republic of China contains provisions different from those found in this Law, the provisions of the international treaty shall apply, unless the provisions are ones on which the People's Republic of China has announced reservations.

第七十三条 外国人、无国籍人、外国组织在中华人民共和国进行行政诉讼，委托律师代理诉讼的，应当委托中华人民共和国律师机构的律师。

Article 73 When foreign nationals, stateless persons and foreign organizations appoint lawyers as their agents ad litem in administrative suits in the People's Republic of China, they shall appoint lawyers of a lawyers' organization of the People's Republic of China.

第十一章 附 则

Chapter XI Supplementary Provisions

第七十四条 人民法院审理行政案件，应当收取诉讼费用。诉讼费用由败诉方承担，双方都有责任的由双方分担。收取诉讼费用的具体办法另行规定。

Article 74 A people's court shall charge litigation fees for handling administrative cases. The litigation fee shall be borne by the losing party, or by both parties if they are both held responsible. The procedure for the charging of litigation fees shall be specified separately.

第七十五条 本法自1990年10月1日起施行。

Article 75 This Law shall come into force as of October 1, 1990.