四六级的阅读部分一向是很多同学“心中的痛”,好不容易根据关键词找回了原文,却发现读完原文之后,脑子里一片茫然;或者费劲九牛二虎之力,排除了两个选项,剩下的两个却辨不出所以然。这种情况,想必是很多同学“血泪史”的一部分吧。

那原因何在呢?定位之后回到原文却读不懂就是根源。那为什么读不懂呢?单词语法是基础,此外就是对文章结构不明晰啦!掌握篇章整体结构,乃至段落之间、句子间的逻辑关系,都对我们准确选出选项有帮助!从今天起,沪江网校小兜老师将带着我们梳理阅读中的这些逻辑关系。

首先来看因果关系。说到如何辨别因果关系,大家最熟悉,同时也是最可靠的就是下面的这些小伙伴啦:because, because of, as a result, owing to, thus, therefore。当这些单词短语出现的时候,句子或段落之间出现的因果关系是比较容易判断的。

比如:
The dictionary meaning of the term "opponent" is "adversary", "enemy", "one who opposes your interests". Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. (05.6 CET4)

因为字典中把opponent解释为“对手、敌人;那些和你的利益相对的人”。因此,当一个选手面对一个“对手”的时候,他可能倾向于把对手当做敌人。

这样的因果关系是不是特别清楚?

(ps. 这句话里面有些四级单词,还没掌握的同学赶紧动手记下来哦! adversary:对手; oppose:反对)

但是有的时候,段落或句子当中的因果关系就不是那么一目了然了。来做一组问答:The numbers associated with identity theft are beginning to add up fast these days. A recent General Accounting Office report estimates that as many as 750,000 Americans are victims of identity theft every year. And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized. (07.1 CET4)

Q: Why the number can't precisely represent how many victims are there?

亮出你的答案吧!

A: Because many victims do not report the crime.

在原文中,我们重点应该看到的就是:…..And that number may be low, as many people choose not to report the crime even if they know they have been victimized.

那个数字可能会比较低,因为很多人,即便知道自己已经受害,仍然选择不去报案。

在这里,as就是表示因果关系的词了。

下面再来看两个例子:

例1. These are job losses resulting from changes in production

例2. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. (09.12 CET6)

Q: 在这两个例子里分别都有一组因果关系,仔细观察,分别是谁导致了谁,或者说谁是因,谁是果

例1:These are job losses resulting from changes in production

changes in production 导致了 job losses

注意:result from:因….发生;是…..造成的。这句话是说,这些是因为产品改进而导致的失业。

例2 Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors. (09.12 CET6)

increasing fragmentation of care 造成了 a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.

注意:result in: 导致、引发;类似于lead to。于是这段就是说,与普遍观念不同,对你进行治疗的医生增加,也不一定能保证更好的治疗。实际上,不断增加的医疗环节造成相应的成本和医疗事故也在增加。

(再次ps:这里有新单词,还没掌握的同学赶紧背起来哦!popular belief:普遍观念; guarantee:保证;corresponding:对应的)

通过上面的各个例子,大家首先要知道,在阅读中能表示因果关系的词和短语很多;其次就是千万不要把因和果弄反哦!

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