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考研基础长难句每日练习

取材：《王若平考研阅读基本功长难句》
《浙江大学胡小平阅读长难句》
《1994～2004考研真题翻译》

符号笔录
★超纲词汇；
一、定语从句系列
2004-3-26
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①Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn add to libraries: the growth of knowledge（followed a kind of compound-interest law）,（which was greatly enhanced 【by the invention of printing】）.
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1词汇点击：compound n.混合物,化合物; a.复合的, 合成的
enhance vt.提高，增强，加强
follow v. 跟随，遵循，领会，结果是
as follows 如下
interest n.兴趣, 关心, 重要性, 影响, 利息,利益, 利害
vt.使发生兴趣, 引起...的注意
2句法理解：1）followed a kind of compound-interest law做后置定语修饰the growth of knowledge
2）which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing做非限定式定语从句修饰the growth of knowledge

3译文：
图书馆的出现使教育发展成为可能，同时教育的发展也推动了图书馆规模的扩大，这也就是说：知识的进步必须遵循复合影响法则，就如同由于印刷术的发明，很大程度上加快了知识进步的步伐。

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②[If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities , and to exercise such initiative (as falls within their sphere)], then administrative overhead will be low .
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1词汇点击：
initiative n.第一步,主动精神 a.创始/起始的
<派生>：initiate v.开始，发动
sphere n.球体,范围,领域
overhead n.企业管理费,天花板a/ad.在头上,架空的
exercise n.练习,n/v训练,锻炼 v行使
administrative overhead 行政管理费――administrative expense ★

2句法理解：
本长句是主从复合句，If ┉┉┉sphere 是状语从句；to take ┉┉┉, and to exercise ┉┉┉是trusted的双宾语，as falls within their sphere是such initiative的定语。
3译文：
如果他们能够彼此互信，主动承担责任，并在他们的管辖的范围内发挥主动性，那么行政管理费便会下降。

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③ There are probably no questions （we can think up that can’t be answered , sooner or later , including even the matter of consciousness）.
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1词汇点击：
consciousness n.意识,觉悟,自觉
sooner or later 迟早
2句法理解：
We can think up that ┉┉┉consciousness . 定语从句修饰question。
3译文：
迟早，诸如我们想像的出，却无法回答的问题将不复存在，甚至包括我们意识到的问题。

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④ The curtain was rung down in that phase of history , [at least, by the sudden invention（of the hydrogen bomb）,（of the ballistic missile）and （of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon）].
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1词汇点击：
hydrogen bomb 氢弹
hydrogen n.氢
ballistic missile 弹道飞弹 ★
rocket n.火箭 v.飞速上升
2句法理解：
rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon 登月火箭；hit在本文是到达，不能译为击中。
3译文：
至少，由于氢弹、弹道导弹、氢弹出人意料的发明，宣告了这一历史阶段的终结。


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⑤Studies（of the Weddell seal in the laboratory）have described the physiological mechanisms『⑴（that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation）（that occurs during its longest divers）』, ⑵（which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. ）
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1词汇点击：
laboratory n.实验室,研究室,化工厂
physiological mechanisms 生理学机理
physiological a.生理学的,生理学上的
mechanism n.机械,机构,技巧,机理,结构
cope with v.与...竞争,应付
deprivation n.剥夺,剥夺官职,免职
diver n. 潜水者

2句法理解：
⑴是定语从句修饰the physiological mechanisms。此外⑴句中的that occurs during its longest divers则修饰本句中的the extreme oxygen deprivation。
⑵是定语从句修饰during its longest divers
3译文：
威德尔海豹实验室研究表明：海豹的生理机制使得海豹在长时间的潜水中应付极度缺氧状况游刃有余，此外，海豹的生理机制允许海豹在水下500米深处持续潜水可达70分钟。
定语从句系列II
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① The renaissace (of the feminist movement began during the 1950’s) led to the Stasist school , (which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued ).
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1词汇点击：
renaissace n.复兴,复活,新生,文艺复兴/时期★
feminist n.男女平等主义者
sidestep n.台阶 vt.回避★
dichotomy n.两分,分裂,二分法★
frontier n.边境,尖端,新领域

2句法理解：
⑴ The renaissace of ┉┉┉school,是主句，其中of ┉┉┉1950’s是renaissace的定语从句，led是谓语，to ┉┉┉school是宾语。
⑵ which sidestepped ┉┉┉ in the East.是非限制性定语从句修饰the Stasist school，其中sidestepped和argued是谓语，分别带有宾语the good bad dichotomy和宾语从句that frontier women lived lives similar to the lives of women in the East.

3.知识积累：
the Stasist school是美国一学派，它反对走极端，主张东西部生活对妇女来说具有相似性。
4.译文：
50年代女权运动的兴起，产生了斯塔西学派，这一学派避免好与坏极端的的二分法，这一学派认为常年生活在边境地区的妇女与常年生活在东部地区的妇女过着相似的生活。

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② Tom, /the book’s protagonist/, took issue with a man『who doted on his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought “nothing” of separating the husband from the wife ,the parents from the children”』 .
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1词汇点击：
protagonist n.(戏剧, 故事中的)主角, 领导者, 积极参加者 ★
issue v.流出,颁布,发行 n.发行物,期刊号,问题,争端
dote vi. 昏愦,衰老,溺爱★
dote on/upon 溺爱, 宠爱
pet n.宠物, 受宠爱的人, 不悦a.宠爱的, 亲昵的
merchant n.商人, 店主 a.商业的, 商人的
separate from 分离, 分开
think nothing of 把...看得很平常
2句法理解：
⑴ 本句主干是Tom ,the book’s protagonist, took issue with a man，而,the book’s protagonist,是Tom的同位语（插入语）谓语是took issue，宾语是man.
⑵ who doted on his ┉┉┉from the children”是限制性定语从句，修饰man，此句有两个并列的谓语结构，一个是doted on。另一个是thought
⑶ of separating the husband from the wife ,the parents from the children”做定语修饰“nothing”，其中separate from含有分离, 分开之意。

3译文：
书中的主人公Tom和一个奴隶贩子发生了争执，这个奴隶贩子虽然深爱自家的宠物，却认为强行迫使奴隶们夫妻离散，父母和孩子分离这一勾当“很平常”。

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③ We are not conscious of the extent {to which work provides the psychological satisfaction (that can make the difference between a full and an emply life).}
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1词汇点击：
conscious a.有意识的, 故意的, 羞怯的
extent n. 范围,程度,区域
psychological a. 心理学的,精神上的

2句法理解：
⑴We are not conscious of the extent是本句主干，to which work ┉┉┉emply life是一个限制性定语从句，修饰exent。而which引导的限制性定语从句中还包括了一个小的定语从句that can make ┉┉┉life，它是修饰psychological satisfaction的。

3译文：
我们无法了解：工作给人们带来的能区分人们充实生活和空虚生活的满足感的差异程度有多大。

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④ [Thus], the unity (that should characterize the strong system) is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, (which appears to be essential [if education is to develop in consideration of the need (of children and youth)]) .
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1词汇点击：
unity n.团结, 联合, 统一, 一致
characterize vt.表现...的特色, 刻画的...性格
diversity n. 差异,多样性
essential n.要点,本质a. 必要的,本质的
consideration n.考虑,体谅,照顾,理由
in consideration of 考虑到, 由于, 作为对....报酬
2句法理解：
⑴ the unity is developed by affording opportunity for diversity是本句的主干，that should characterize the strong system是修饰the unity的定语从句。
⑵ which appear to be ┉┉┉ and youth .是修饰diversity的定语从句，其中if education is ┉┉┉and youth是which引导的定语从句中的条件状语从句。在这个状语从句中of children and youth作为修饰need的定语。
3译文：
于是，能够描述强大体系特征的统一性，是通过多样性提供的机会而得以发展的。设想，教育在自身发展的同时必须考虑到孩子们，和青年人的需求，那么，这种多样性就显得格外必要了。

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⑤ Automobiles have been designed 『which operate on liquid hydrogen,but these systems give rise to [seemingly] unavoidable problems （arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid）』.
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1词汇点击：
give rise to v.引起, 使发生
cryogenic a.低温学的
handling n.处理 a.操作的
handle n.把手v.处理,操作,对待,抚弄
arise from 由...而引起, 由...而产生; 从...中产生
seemingly ad.表面上地

2句法理解：⑴ Automobiles have been designed是本句的主体部分，后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
⑵ which operate on ┉┉┉but these systems give rise to ┉┉┉cryogenic liquid，此句中but起转折作用，前后是两个并列句，but后的那句,but these systems give rise to ┉┉┉是作者强调的重点。

⑶ arising from ┉┉┉ liquid修饰problems，起定语作用。
3译文：
液态氢驱动的汽车已经被设计出来了，然而这一系统所带来的‘怎样处理低温液体’的问题却是无法避免的。

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①It is designed to make students study, which should be their immediate ,mission in life.
②We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.
③Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
④While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
⑤While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of State’s territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation between that maritime area internal waters where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime area internal waters where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas the territorial sea and other zones where other States do enjoy certain general rights.
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