根据语境，从意义相近或拼写相似或用法易混的几个名词中选出一个最恰当的选项。这是考查名词最常用的方式。如：根据语境，从意义相近或拼写相似或用法易混的几个名词中选出一个最恰当的选项。这是考查名词最常用的方式。如
1. The new law will come into ________ on the day it is passed. (上海卷)
A. effect  B. use C. service  D. existence
【分析】答案选A。come into effect (生效)和come into use(开始被使用)都是习语，但从语境来判断应当是“<体>生效”，意义才通顺。
 
2. —I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. —There is no ________ for this while you are on duty. (03北京卷)
A. reason B. excuseC. cause D. explanation
【分析】答案选B。在语境中辨析：excuse (理由、辩解), reason (原因), cause (原因), explanation (解释)。
 
3. “I don’t think it’s my ________ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy. (03上海卷)
A. error B. mistakeC. fault D. duty
【分析】答案选C。fault过失、责任，mistake错误, error (指违反一定标准或道德规范等方面的)错误。
 
4. We think it necessary to prevent sound ________, as it is getting more and more serious. (o-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">上海卷)
A. position  B. pollution C. invention  D. condition
【分析】答案选B。pollution污染；position位置、职位；invention发明；condition条件。
 
5. To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that ______ travel could also be quite pleasant. (上海卷)
A. earth  B. land C. ground  D. plain
【分析】答案选B。land陆地(与sea相对)；earth地球、大地(与sky相对)；ground地面；plain平原。
 
6. Some famous singers live on the ________ from their record sales. (上海卷)
A. salary  B. value C. bill D. income
【分析】答案选D。income收入；salary月薪(固定)；value 价值；bill账单。

 7. I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little ________. (全国卷)
A. wait  B. time C. patience  D. rest
【分析】答案选C。have a little patience有点耐心。
 
8. Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ________. (上海卷))
A. energy  B. source C. power  D. material
【分析】答案选A。natural gas (天然气)和wind (风力)均为“能(源)”即energy，而不是source(来源)，来源power(能力、力量)，material(材料)。

 9. Those football players had no strict ________ until they joined our club. (上海卷))
A. practice  B. education C. exercise  D. training
【分析】答案选D。运动员应当是通过严格的训练(training)。practice实践；education教育；exercise练习。
 
10. For the sake of(为…着想) her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm ________. (上海卷)
A. weather  B. temperature C. season  D. climate【分析】答案选D。climate此处意为“地带”。