吉布斯是个很杰出的人物，但大多数人也许没有听说过。他行为检束，很少抛头露面。在耶鲁大学的最初十年里，他连工资都懒得去领。他的研究发现太前卫了，以至于每学期只有一名学生选他的课。1875-1878年期间，吉布斯写出了一系列论文，编成了《论多相物质的平衡》的集子。这本合集被称为"热力学原理"，但出于无法猜测的原因，吉布斯情愿将这些具有划时代意义的见解发表在无名小报上，以至于很久以后普朗克才发现这一牛人（luckily，金子还是发光了）~~~

❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版，戳这里订阅:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/

书本的朗读语音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好学着模仿哦~~~！！
因为原著为美国人所写,单词采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用写序号。答完一空换行继续下一空作答。文中需听写单词或词组用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。请边听写边理解文意，根据下面的TIPS训练听写。这样可以提高听力准确度，并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~

TIPS听写训练点：单词拼写，时态，单复数，连读，长难句（请边听边用符号先记下内容，然后自己回头组织语句，最后校对，不要逐字逐句听写）



Hints:
invisibility
three-block
Yale
New Haven
Connecticut
thermodynamics
Planck

Gibbs is perhaps the most brilliant person that most people have never heard of. [---1---] For his first ten years at Yale he didn't even bother to [-2-] a salary. ([---3---]) From 1871, when he joined the university as a professor, to his death in 1903, his courses attracted an average of slightly over one student a semester. [---4---] But buried among his arcane formulations were insights of the loftiest brilliance.

In 1875–78, Gibbs produced a series of papers, [-5-] titled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, that dazzlingly elucidated the thermodynamic principles of, well, nearly everything—"gases, mixtures, surfaces, solids, phase changes . . . chemical reactions, electrochemical cells, sedimentation, and osmosis," to quote William H. Cropper. [---6---] Gibbs's Equilibrium has been called "the Principia of thermodynamics," but for reasons that [-7-] Gibbs chose to publish these landmark observations in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, a journal that managed to be obscure even in Connecticut, [---8---]



Modest to the point of near invisibility, he passed virtually the whole of his life, apart from three years spent studying in Europe, within a three-block area bounded by his house and the Yale campus in New Haven, Connecticut. draw He had independent means. His written work was difficult to follow and employed a private form of notation that many found incomprehensible. collectively In essence what Gibbs did was show that thermodynamics didn't apply simply to heat and energy at the sort of large and noisy scale of the steam engine, but was also present and influential at the atomic level of chemical reactions. defy speculation which is why Planck did not hear of him until too late.
吉布斯是个很杰出的人物，但大多数人也许没有听说过。他行为检束，很少抛头露面。除了去欧洲搞了三年研究以外，他的一辈子差不多都是在一个三个街区的范围之内度过的：一边是他的家，一边是耶鲁大学在康涅狄格州纽黑文的校园。在耶鲁大学的最初十年里，他连工资都懒得去领。（他有另外的收入。）从1871年起，他成为该大学的一名教授，直到1903年去世。在此期间，每学期选他的课的学生平均只有一名。他写的东西晦涩难懂，经常使用自己发明的符号，许多人觉得简直是天书。但是，在那些神秘的公式深处，隐藏着最英明、最深刻的见解。 　　1875-1878年期间，吉布斯写出了一系列论文，编成了《论多相物质的平衡》的集子。该书出色地阐述了近乎一切热力学原理--用威廉•H.库珀的话来说，包括"气体、混合物、平面、固体、相移......化学反应、电化电池、沉淀以及渗透"。归根结底，吉布斯想要表明，热力学不仅适用于蒸汽机这样的庞大而又嘈杂的范围里的热量和能量，而且在化学反应的原子层面上也同样存在，而且影响很大。吉布斯的《平衡》一直被称为"热力学原理"，但出于无法猜测的原因，吉布斯情愿将这些具有划时代意义的见解发表在《康涅狄格州艺术与科学院学报》上，那是一份即使在康涅狄格州也毫无名气的杂志。这就是为什么普朗克直到很晚的时候才听说他的名字的原因。