今天我们又要遇到一个熟悉的人了——阿伏伽德罗，至少石头我还记着，尤其是他那确定的一摩尔的数量。可是，我们都不知道，他有着歌剧似的漂亮名字--洛伦佐•罗马诺•阿马德奥•卡洛•阿伏伽德罗，我也挺想要一个，不如就叫万里挑一•侠骨柔肠•专一不二•磐石君思密达！！！~~~~~


❤《万物简史》推出部落节目版，戳这里订阅:http://bulo.hujiang.com/menu/6004/



书本的朗读语音很charming的磁性英音~~~大家可以好好学着模仿哦~~~！！
因为原著为美国人所写,单词采用美式拼法,不抄全文，也不用写序号。答完一空换行继续下一空作答。文中需听写单词或词组用[-No-]表示，句子用[---No---]表示。请边听写边理解文意，根据下面的TIPS训练听写。这样可以提高听力准确度，并为训练听译打下基础哦~~~

TIPS听写训练点：单词拼写，时态，单复数，连读，长难句（请边听边用符号先记下内容，然后自己回头组织语句，最后校对，不要逐字逐句听写）当然啦，还有很多相当地道不错的表达方法可以顺道一起学到!



Hints:
Avogadro's
appealingly
popcorn
kernel



Fortunately more sober types were at work elsewhere. In 1808, a dour Quaker named John Dalton became the first person to intimate the nature of an atom ([---1---]), and in 1811 an Italian with the splendidly operatic name of Lorenzo Romano Amadeo Carlo Avogadro, Count of Quarequa and Cerreto, made a discovery that would prove highly significant in the long term—namely, [---2---]

Two things were [-3-] about Avogadro's Principle, as it became known. First, it provided a basis for more accurately measuring the size and weight of atoms. Using Avogadro's mathematics, chemists were eventually able to work out, for instance, that a typical atom had a diameter of 0.00000008 centimeters, which is very little indeed. [---4---]

The principle led to the much later adoption of Avogadro's number, a basic unit of measure in chemistry, which was named for Avogadro long after his death. It is the number of molecules found in 2.016 grams of hydrogen gas (or an equal volume of any other gas). Its value is placed at 6.0221367 x 10^23, which is an enormously large number. [---5---] , or cupfuls of water in the Pacific Ocean, or soft drink cans that would, evenly stacked, cover the Earth to a depth of 200 miles. An equivalent number of American pennies would be enough to make every person on Earth a dollar trillionaire. It is a big number.



progress that will be discussed more completely a little further on that two equal volumes of gases of any type, if kept at the same pressure and temperature, will contain identical numbers of molecules. notable And second, almost no one knew about Avogadro's appealingly simple principle for almost 50 years. Chemistry students have long amused themselves by computing just how large a number it is, so I can report that it is equivalent to the number of popcorn kernels needed to cover the United States to a depth of nine miles
幸亏别处还有别的严肃的人在从事这项工作。1808年，一位名叫约翰•道尔顿的年轻而顽强的贵格会教徒，成为宣布原子性质的第一人（过一会儿我们将更加充分地讨论这个进展）；1811年，一个有着歌剧似的漂亮名字--洛伦佐•罗马诺•阿马德奥•卡洛•阿伏伽德罗--的意大利人取得了一项从长远来看将证明是具有重大意义的发现--即体积相等的任何两种气体，在压力相等和温度相等的情况下，拥有的原子数量相等。 　　它后来被称做阿伏伽德罗定律。这个简单而有趣的定律在两个方面值得注意。第一，它为更精确地测定原子的大小和重量奠定了基础。化学家们利用阿伏伽德罗数最终测出，比如，一个典型的原子的直径是0.00000008厘米。这个数字确实很小。第二，差不多有50年时间，几乎谁也不知道这件事。