VOA 慢速 初级 金融危机
Congress passed a banking act in niniteen thirty-three known as the Glass-Steagall Act. It banned commercial banks from buying and selling securities, their job was to pay interest on savings and lend to borrowers. This ban remained until nineteen ninety-nine. That year the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act permitted commercial banks to deal in securities and sell insurance. They can again own investment companies that underwrite securities. Many banks now regret that they got involved with high-risk mortgage securities. The collapse last month of the nation's fifth largest investment bank, Bear Stearns, showed the risks. The International Monetary Fund says total losses related to American subprime mortgages could reach almost one trillion dollars. On March seventeenth, the Federal Reserve started offering loans to investment banks, as it does for other banks. The program will continue for at least six months. the central bank used a power described in section thirteen of the Federal Reserve Act. But this power has not been used since the law was updated in nineteen thirty-two.
1933年美国国会通过了称为格拉斯.斯蒂格尔法的银行法。该法令禁止商业银行买卖证券。他们的任务是支付储蓄利息和给贷款给贷款人。 这项禁令直到1999年才被停止。这一年格兰姆.里奇.毕李立法案允许商业银行进行证券交易，买卖保险。他们可以拥有投资公司，承销证券。 很多银行现在感到遗憾的是，他们也必须参与高风险抵押贷款证券的买卖。贝尔斯登，这家全美第五大投资银行上月的崩盘已经显示了风险。国际货币基金组织说，美国次贷危机总的损失可达到将近1万亿美元。 3月17日，美联储开始像对普通银行那样为投资银行提供贷款。该项目将至少持续6个月。中央银行使用了被称为第13联邦储备法的权利。但这种权利在1932年更新以来还从来没有被使用过。