本文来源：沪江英语四六级

大家好，距离考试只剩1天啦！想要快速搞定选词填空，为仔细阅读和长篇阅读腾时间，历年真题中反复考到的词语一定要熟记！

每次六级考前，小编都会结合最新的考试真题，按考频从高到低精选40几个词语，并罗列其常考用法和真题例句+翻译。你看到的这40几个词，已经结合真题更新过了，老版本不要背了哦~ 

说明：本词表按词频从高到低排列，因选词填空需要标注词性，建议同学把以下单词的各种词性和搭配结构熟记背会！

六级选词填空TOP15
able
adj. 易受伤的，脆弱的；易受攻击的

常考结构
be vulnerable to sth/sb 易患某种疾病；易受某事影响的；易遭责难的；易受…诱惑的

The developing brain, the report says, is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be permanent. (2015.12)

报告称，发育中的大脑特别容易受到这些产品可能含有的某些化学物质的毒性影响，并且它们造成的损害可能是永久性的。

ial
n. 潜在性，可能性；潜能
adj. 潜在的

常考结构
potential problem/ danger可能存在的问题/危险

The researchers explained that the study demonstrated when we are in a novel
environment the brain partly remains alert so that humans can defend themselves against any potential danger. (2017.6)

研究人员解释说，该研究表明，当我们处于一个新奇的环境中时，大脑有部分会保持警觉，以便人类能够抵御任何潜在的危险。

have the potential to do sth有潜力做某事

The new drug has the potential to save stroke victims from death. 
这种新药也许能够拯救中风患者的性命。

potential for sth… 可能性；…的潜在性
I believe that everyone has a potential for good. 
我认为每个人都是向善的。


3. eventually
adv. 终于，最后

常考结构:
常放在句子的开头，逗号跟后面的句子隔开。也灵活放在句首或动词前等位置。

The reasoning behind this saying is that low oil prices discourage investment in new production capacity, eventually shifting the oil supply curve backward and bringing rices back up as existing oil fields--which can be tapped at relatively low marginal cost--are depleted. (2017.6)

这种说法背后的原因是低油价阻碍了对新产能的投资，最终使石油供应曲线向下移动并使价格回升，因为现有的可以以相对较低的边际成本开采的油田已经耗尽。

4. overwhelming / overwhelmed
adj. 巨大的，压倒性的，无法抗拒的
（overwhelming）
v. 征服，压倒，破坏，使不知所措；覆盖，淹没；打翻（overwhelmed）

常考结构：
the overwhelming majority of people 压倒性多数

Teachers consider learning two languages to be too overwhelming for children from poor families, believing that the children are already burdened by their home situations. (2013.12)

教师认为学习两种语言对于贫困家庭的孩子来说压力太大，他们认为孩子已经因家庭环境而负担过重。

be overwhelmed with被…淹没

This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors. (2009.12)

这种趋势导致急诊室被没有常规医生的患者淹没。

be overwhelmed by 被…压倒，击败，制服

Its schools will be overwhelmed by the growing number of illegal immigrants. (2011.6)

越来越多的非法移民将使学校不堪重负。

5. simultaneously
adv. 同时地
at the same time

There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors. (2015.12)

社会中应该有关注预算的专人，但它们不应该同时扮演医生那样的角色。


ily
adv. 首先；起初，原来；首要地，主要地；根本上

Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students' math scores.(2017.6)

一些数学训练课程主要侧重于提高学生们的数学成绩。


7. predators
n. 捕食性动物；掠夺者

When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a corrosive ditch. （2017.12）

当水位达到合适高度的时候，幼鸟被腐蚀性沟渠保护起来，免受捕食者的追捕。


8. incidentally
adv.  顺便；偶然地
注意：副词通常是选词填空中最好做的，建议先做。一般句中不缺少成分时，或有逗号与主句隔开时，可以直接从选项中以y结尾的词里选出正确答案。

All researches agree that close to 25 billion devices, things and sensors will be
connected by 2020 which incidentally is also the moment that millennials(千禧一代)are expected to make up 75 percent of our overall workforce, and the fully connected home will become a reality for large numbers of people worldwide. (2017.12)

所有的研究都认为，到2020年将有近250亿台设备，物品和传感器连接起来，且到那时千禧一代预计将占总劳动力的75%，全连接的住房将成为全世界众多人的现实。


9. impact
n. 冲击；冲击力；影响
V. 压紧；对…产生影响；冲击

常考结构
pact on/ upon sb/sth 对某人/某事物的强烈的印象或巨大的影响

Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse impact on
performance and can be corrected. (2013.12)

某些原因，例如家庭疾病，可能会对性能产生暂时的不利影响，且随后可以得到纠正。

the impact of …的影响

Charles began urging action on global warming in 1990 and says he's been worried about the impact of man on the environment since he was a teenager. (2014.12)

查尔斯在1990年开始敦促采取行动应对全球变暖，并表示他从青少年时期就一直担心人类对环境的影响。


10. obsess  / obsessed
v. 困扰，使痴迷；念念不忘

adj. 着迷的；无法摆脱的，受困扰的
v. 着迷；纠缠，困扰（obsess 的过去式和过去分词）

常考结构：
be obsessed by/with 总想着，被…困扰

We check email at all hours of the day—we're obsessed. But why? Because that's what the boss wants. (2017.12)

我们每天无时不刻不在check 我们的邮箱—— 我们深受其困扰。但这是为什么呢？因为这是老板们想看到的。


11. legacy / legacies
n. 遗产；遗赠财物；遗留问题；后遗症

常考结构：
a legacy of 一份...财产

Perhaps my expectations of lunches, water-cooler gossip and caring, deep-and-meaningful conversations were a legacy of the last time I was in that kind of office environment.（2019.6）

或许，我对午餐、茶水间闲聊以及关心他人、深入而有意义的对话的期待，是我上次在那种办公环境中留下的后遗症。


12. indulge / indulging
v. 使高兴；满足；纵容；（使）沉迷于；参加，参与（尤指违法活动）

常考结构：
indulge in sth. 尽情享受某事物

Guests can indulge in a private barbecue on the deck. 

客人们可以在露天平台上享用私家烤肉野餐。

indulge oneself/sb with sth. 放纵自己/某人

Ripley indulges a popular obsession with international test score comparisons, which show wide and frightening gaps between the United States and other countries. (2014.12)

雷普利痴迷于国际考试成绩对比，这显示出美国和其他国家之间巨大而可怕的差距。

13. identified  / identify / indefinite
adj. 经鉴定的；被识别的（identified）
v. 确定；识别，认出；使参与；把…看成一样；认同；一致（identify）
adj. 不明确的；无限期的；不定的

常考结构：
identify sb/sth as sb/sth  确认/认出某人或某物是... 
identify sth with sth  认为某事物与某事物等同

identify oneself with sb/sth  与某人/某事物有关联

The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. (2011.6)

较新的趋势是最早从七年级开始招募贫困和非白人学生，他们使用创新工具来识别具有复杂口头表达能力的孩子。

be identified in 从...中识别出

The researchers believe this is the first time that the "first-night-effect" of different brain states has been identified in humans. (2017.6)

研究人员认为，这是人类第一次发现不同大脑状态的“第一夜效应”。

The trial was adjourned for an indefinite period. (2014,6)
审判被无限期推迟.


14. assess / assessed
v. 估价；对…征税；确定…的金额；评价
v. 对…进行评估（assess过去时形式）

常考结构：
assess sb's taxes/income/risk 评定某人的税额/总收入/风险

How can I assess the investment risk of a particular bond issue? (2014.6)

如何评估特定债券发行的投资风险？


15. separate/ separated / separately /apparently
adj. 分开的；单独的；不同的；各自的；不受影响的
v. （使）分离，分开；隔开；分手；（使）分居；（使）区别（于）
adv. 分别地；分离地；个别地( separately)
adv. 显然地；似乎，表面上

常考结构：
separate from 分离 ; 分开 ; 把 ; 分隔开

Civilization, then, is fine-people banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills.
(2014.6)

因此，文明是指人们正在智能手机上流畅地使用与实际写作中使用的代码不同的代码，并且没有证据表明发短信会破坏写作技巧。

六级选词填空TOP16-22

16. Prevalent
adj.流行的；盛行的；普遍存在的

For young adults without a bachelor’s degree, as of 2008 living at home with their parents was more prevalent than living with a romantic partner(2019.6).

对于没有学士学位的年轻人来说，截至2008年，与父母住在一起比与浪漫伴侣住在一起更为普遍。

ty
n.容量；容积；容纳能力；领悟(或理解、办事)能力；职位；职责

And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they’re stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders(2019.6).

皮尤研究中心（Pew Research Center）最新的一项关于女性与领导力的调查显示，大多数美国人发现，女性在智力和创新能力等关键领导力特征上与男性难以区分，许多人表示，女性在富有激情和有组织的领导力方面强于男性。

ied
adj. 放大的
v. 放大；夸张（magnify的过去分词）

He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly. (2015.12)

他必须用放大镜才能看得清楚。

orating / deterioration
v. 退化，恶化（deteriorate的ing形式）
n. 恶化；退化；堕落（deterioration）

常考结构：
environmental deterioration 环境污染
~ (into sth) become worse in quality or condition 变坏; 变质; 恶化 

Leather can deteriorate in damp conditions.
 皮革受潮可变质

The discussion deteriorated into a bitter quarrel. 
这场讨论演变成了激烈的争吵.

Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. (2015.6)

世界上许多地方的空气污染正在恶化。

20. exclusive/ exclusively / excluded / exclude
adj. 独有的；排外的；专一的
n. 独家新闻；独家经营的项目；排外者
adv. 唯一地，专有地，排外地；作为唯一的（消息）来源
v. 排除（exclude的过去式和过去分词）；驱逐；拒绝接纳
vt. 排除；排斥；拒绝接纳；逐出
常考结构：
exclusive of 不包括，除...之外
to exclude 排除

That’s the highest percentage of an exclusive economic zone devoted to marine conservation by any country in the world. （2017.12）

这是世界上致力于海洋保护的专属经济区所占比例最高的国家。


21. presuming / presumption
v.推测；认定；放肆；假设；无理要求（presume的现在分词）
adj.冒昧的，自以为是的
n. 放肆，傲慢；推测

常考结构：
presuming question 断定性问题
presumption of innocent 无罪推定 

Despite negative stereotypes about sports culture and Ripley’s presumption that academics and athletics are at odds with one another, we believe that the greater body of evidence shows that school-sponsored sports programs appear to benefit students.  (2014.12)

尽管存在对体育文化的负面刻板印象，而且里普利认为学术和体育相互矛盾，但我们相信，更多的证据表明，学校资助的体育项目似乎有利于学生。


sh/diminished
vt. 使减少；使变小
vi. 减少，缩小；变小
sh的过去式和过去分词
常考结构：
diminish the power 削弱力量

常用在hopes, supplies, funds等词的后面, 表示“希望逐渐渺茫”, “物资渐渐用完”,“资金渐渐枯竭”。


ss/suppressing
vt.镇压；(武力)平定；压制；禁止(发表)；查禁；封锁；抑制；控制；忍住
ss的现在分词
The Professor said that deep sleep allowed suppressed anxieties to surface.

教授说深度睡眠可以使压抑的焦虑情绪得以释放。

24. underlying
adj. 隐含的，潜在的，根本的
动词原形underlie: 位于…之下，构成…的基础
the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed  

常考结构：
underlying cause/principle/problem etc
根本原因/原则/问题等

Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. (2017.12)

然而，隐藏在这一切之下的根源是：苹果、谷歌、脸书和其他公司在这场对抗中占绝大优势。

/entailed
vt.涉及；需要；牵涉；使必要
n.限定继承权；预定继承人的顺序
的过去式和过去分词
There is no doubt that spaceflight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to face those risks, and to reduce them with the benefit of hard-won experience.

毫无疑问,太空飞行会带来风险,而开创一种新的旅行方式就是要面对这些风险,并利用来之不易的经验来减少这些风险(2015.12).

t
n.保证；执行令；授权令；(接受款项、服务等的)凭单，许可证；(做某事的)正当理由，依据
vt.使有必要；使正当；使恰当
The contract warrants that an experienced person is on board all the time.

合同确保一位富有经验的人会一直呆在船上。


27. volunteers
n. 志愿者；志愿兵
v. 自愿

常考结构：
volunteer for/to do sth. 自告奋勇做某事

Many of them volunteer for community service with disadvantaged people. (2016.6)

他们中的许多人自愿为弱势群体提供社区服务。

28. withdraw/withdraws
vt. 撤退；收回；撤消；（从银行）取钱，提款；退股
vi. 撤退；离开
aws的第三人称单数
常考结构：
withdraw from v. 退出，离开

Some parents who withdraw their children from the schools in favor of home schooling have an inadequate educational background and insufficient formal training to provide a satisfactory education for their children. (2013.12)

那些为了家庭教育而使孩子退学的父母，其教育背景和正规培训都不足以使他们的孩子接受满意的教育。


v.上船，转船
的现在分词
常考结构：
embark on 从事，着手，开始（新的或艰难的事情）
Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on (开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.

几乎一半的受访者表示，他们的公司要么正在进行重组，要么即将进行重组；在很大程度上，重组意味着更加重视团队。


n.偏见；偏心；偏向；偏爱；特殊能力；斜裁
vt.使有偏见；使偏心；使偏向
adv.偏
adj.斜的；偏动的
Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.

相反，重点是利用这项研究的结果，就隐性性别偏见展开有意义的对话，无论是在部门一级，还是在机构一级，甚至是在学科一级。


六级选词填空高频TOP31-39

ives
n.激励；刺激；鼓励
incentive的复数
He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.

他说，将衰老描述为一种疾病会激励人们开发治疗方法。

cuously
adv. 显著地，明显地；超群地，惹人注目地

So this shows negative consequences of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed conspicuously. （2019.12）

因此，这表明即使体重没有明显变化，饮食摄入不良的负面后果也会发生。

ate/alienating
vt. 减轻，缓和

常考结构：
alleviate pain 缓减疼痛

In turn, feeling close to objects can alleviate loneliness.（2019.12)
反过来，接近物体的感觉可以缓解孤独。

34. redundant
adj. 多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的

In time it should help restrain costs by eliminating redundant tests, preventing drug interactions, and helping doctors find the best treatments. (2016.6)

随着时间的推移，它将有助于通过消除多余的测试、防止药物相互作用和帮助医生找到最好的治疗方法来控制成本。


35. imminent 
adj. 即将来临的；迫近的

常考结构：
imminent danger/threat/death/disaster etc
即将来临的危险/威胁/死亡/灾难等

But there is also time for brief diversions onto bizarre ground, such as a discussion of the skyscraper index (which holds that a boom in skyscraper construction is a foolproof sign of an imminent recession). (2013.6)

但也有时间把话题暂时转移到怪诞的地方，比如对摩天大楼指数的讨论(该指数认为，摩天大楼建设的繁荣是经济衰退即将来临的绝对迹象)。


36. eradication
n. 消灭，扑灭；根除

The eradication team remained in camp under a tight security lockdown for ten days. 
(NEWYORKER: The Taliban’s Opium War)

消除病毒小组在严密的安全封锁下呆在营地10天。


37. saturated
adj. 饱和的；渗透的；深颜色的
v. 使渗透，使饱和（saturate的过去式）

 While the conversation about young adults staying longer at home is  saturated by talk of laziness, of dependence, of an inability for young people to pull themselves together,  rarely do we talk of the way, in my case at least, my relationship with my parents has  undoubtedly  strengthened the longer we have lived together.(2020.9)

虽然关于年轻人在家呆的时间长了的话题充斥着懒惰、依赖和年轻人无法振作起来，但我们很少谈论如何相处。至少就我而言，随着我们在一起生活的时间越长，我和父母的关系无疑得到了加强。


ied
adj. 改正的，整流的；精馏过的
v. 调整；矫正；精馏（rectify的过去分词形式）
President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a rectified setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.(2018.6)

亚伯拉罕·林肯总统在南北战争期间颁布了一项修正规定，将感恩节定在11月的最后一个星期四。

on
n. 发挥；运用；努力

After walking for an hour ,she was not sweating , but there was a pleasurable sense of exertion.

走了一个小时后，她没有出汗，但却有一种努力的快感。


好的，今天的干货就到这里了~
祝大家顺利过级！