大家好，四六级考试临近，本阁主（ID：hujiangcet）为了帮助广大考生过级，特开辟新栏目，考前每天一篇翻译练习（选取最有可能考的翻译题材、段落），供大家日常练习用。

声明：押题只是练习翻译手感，积累话题词汇，练习常考句式结构，切勿迷信。

01 筷子

筷子(chopsticks)是中国古人发明的一种具有鲜明民族特色的进食工具(tableware)，是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。

中国人使用筷子的历史可追溯到商代，距今已有三千多年。

筷子可谓是中国国粹，既轻巧又灵活，在世界各国餐具中独树一帜，被西方人誉为“东方的文明”。

凡是使用过筷子的人，不论中国人或是外国人，都因其使用方便、物美价廉而赞叹不绝。

 

参考翻译

Chopsticks, invented by ancient Chinese people, are a kind of tableware with distinct national features, being an important component that reflects the characteristics of Chinese diet culture.

The history of using chopsticks in China dates back to the Shang Dynasty, more than3,000 years ago.

Chopsticks, the quintessence of Chinese culture, whose lightness and flexibility develop a school of its own among various tableware all over the world, are praised as "Eastern Civilization" by the westerners.

All those people who have ever used chopsticks, no matter Chinese or foreigners, marvel at their convenience, excellent quality, and reasonable price.

 

02 瓷器

原文（一）

瓷器(porcelain)是一种由精选的瓷土(porcelain clay)或瓷石(pottery stone)、通过工艺流程制成的物件。

尽管瓷器由陶器（pottery)发展而来，然而它们在原料、釉(glaze)、烧制温度方面都是不同的。

比起陶器，瓷器质地更坚硬，器身更通透，光泽也更好。

瓷器在英语里叫做china,因为第一件瓷器就是在中国制造的。

瓷器促进了中国和外部世界之间的经济文化交流，并深刻地影响着其他国家的传统文化和生活方式。

 

参考翻译

Porcelain is a material made from well-chosen porcelain clay or pottery stone through technological processes.

Although porcelain is developed from pottery, the two are different in raw material, glaze and firing temperature.

Compared with pottery, porcelain has a tougher texture, a more transparent body, and finer luster.

It is called china in English because it was first made in China.

Porcelain promotes economic and cultural exchanges between China and the outside world, and also profoundly influences the traditional culture and lifestyle of other countries.

 

难点讲解

（1）瓷器是一种由精选的瓷土或瓷石，通过工艺流程制成的物件。

解析：“精选的”可译为well-chosen，这种well+形容词的构词法还有：well-formed(身材苗条的；结构良好的）、well-trained (训练有素的）、well-built(体型匀称的）；

“工艺流程”可译为technological processes; “制成”可译为be made from, from表示不可以看出原材料。同义词组be made of, of表示看得出原材料。

（2）尽管瓷器由陶器发展而来，然而它们在原料、釉、烧制温度方面都是不同的。比起陶器，瓷器质地更坚硬，器身更通透，光泽也更好。

解析：“由...发展而来”可用develop from表示；“原料”可用raw material表示；

raw意为“生的；未加工的”，还可构成词组：raw water(生水）、raw coal(原煤）、raw data(原始数据）；

“质地更坚硬”即“更坚硬的质地”，可译为tougher texture; “器身更透明”即“更透明的器身”，可译为transparent body。

（3）瓷器促进了中国和外部世界之间的经济文化交流，并深刻影响着其他国家的传统文化和生活方式。

解析：该句有两个谓语动词，即promotes和influences，用and连接。

“经济文化交流”可译为economic and cultural exchanges。

 

原文（二）

唐朝时期，人们就在昌南建造窑坊(kiln)，烧制出一种青白瓷(bluish white porcelain)。

青白瓷色彩晶莹，有“人造玉器”的美称，因而远近闻名，并大量出口欧洲。

当时，欧洲人还不会制造瓷器，因此中国特别是昌南镇的瓷器很受欢迎。

在欧洲，昌南镇瓷器是备受珍爱的贵重物品，人们以能获得一件昌南镇瓷器为荣。

因此，欧洲人就以“昌南”作为瓷器和生产瓷器的“中国”的代称。

久而久之，欧洲人就把昌南的本意忘却了，只记得它是“瓷器”，即“中国”了。

 

参考翻译

In the Tang Dynasty, people started to build kilns to make bluish-white porcelain in Changnan.

The bluish-white porcelain was glittering and had the reputation of artificial jade, so it became famous home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large amounts.

At that time, Europeans were not able to make porcelain, so porcelain from China, especially from Changnan, was warmly welcomed.

In Europe, porcelain from Changnan was a luxurious article cherished by everyone, and obtaining even one piece of it would make people feel very proud.

In this way, Europeans used Changnan as the code name for china (porcelain) and the place of its production, China.

Gradually, Europeans forgot the original meaning of Changnan，only remembering it is “china”，namely “China”.

 

难点讲解

（1）烧制出一种青白瓷:可译为make bluish white porcelain，烧制可译为 make，“青白色的”可译为bluish white。

（2）色彩晶萤:可译为glittering,意为“闪闪发光的”。

（3）远近闻名:可译为befamous home and abroad。

（4）以…为荣:即beproud of，文中译为…make people feel proud。

（5）久而久之:理解为“逐渐地”，可用gradually来表达。

（6）只记得它是瓷器:根据前后句，本句可译为only remembering it is “china”, 用现在分词作状语来表达。

 

03 扇子

原文

在中国，扇子的使用始于数千年前。

扇子是由许多不同的材料制成的。

汉、唐期间，农业有了发展，丝绸和缎面(satin)扇子开始出现，并在文人雅士 (scholars and artists)中成为了一种时尚。他们通过在扇面上书写和绘画来展示自己的才能。

扇子很快获得了非常大的社会意义。

它们成为了有学问的人标准夏季着装的一部分。

中国制作的扇子多种多样。

它们如今依旧享有盛誉。

 

参考翻译

Fans began to be used in China thousands of years ago.

They were made out of many different materials.

During the Han and Tang Dynasties, due to progress in agriculture, silk and satin fans appeared, and they became a fashion among scholars and artists who showed their genius by writing and painting on the fans.

Fans soon acquired considerable social significance.

They became a part of the standard summer costume among the learned.

A great variety of fans have been produced in China and they still enjoy a great reputation today.

 

难点讲解

（1）在中国，扇子的使用始于数千年前。

解析：该句可译为被动句Fans began to be used in China thousands of yearsago，其主语是Fans，谓语则是began to be used。

（2）汉、唐期间，农业有了发展，丝绸和缎面的扇子开始出现。

解析：汉、唐期间可作为第一句的时间状语，译为during the Hanand Tang Dynasties；

“农业有了发展”其实是丝绸和缎面扇子出现的原因，所以这里有一层因果逻辑关系，可用因果连词来表达。