主语:作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等;谓语:由动词构成;宾语:构成宾语的代词必须是宾格;定语状语都是修饰语;补语:起补充说明作用。

主语

可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!

谓语

谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.

宾语

宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。

定语

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

  形容词作定语:

  The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

  Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩。

  There is a good boy.有个乖男孩。

  数词作定语相当于形容词:

  Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

  The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生。

  There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。

  代词或名词所有格作定语:

  His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

  His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。

  There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

  介词短语作定语:

  The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

  The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

  There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。

  名词作定语:

  The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

  It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔。

  There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

  副词作定语:

  The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

  The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

  不定式作定语:

  The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

  The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

  There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做。

  分词(短语)作定语:

  The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

  The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的。

  There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩。

  定语从句:

  The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

  The boy you will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

  There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个。

状语

状语又称副词性成分。状语一般是为谓语动词服务的,表示谓语动词发生的背景,说明地点、时间、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、方向、程度、比较、方式和伴随状况等。由于状语用来修饰谓语动词,因此具有副词词性。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式等担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。

时间状语

I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。

地点状语

You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。

程度状语

I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。

目的状语

We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去海滩野炊。

方式状语

Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。

让步状语

No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么,我将决不失去信心。

条件状语

Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话,这些花将长得更好。

比较状语

Mike is not as(so)tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高。

原因状语

Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了,他没有去上学。

结果状语

He left early, so that he caught the rain. 他早早地离去,(结果)因此赶上了火车。

伴随状语

The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来,后面跟着一群学生。

补语

英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上市不可或缺的。补语是起补充说明作用的成分,最常见的是宾语补足语。名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾语补足语。

主语的补语

不定式(to do)

We will not be allowed to play football on the street. 不让我们在街上踢足球。

名词

I was thought a genius. 我被认为是一个天才。

形容词

The bridge was found empty. 发现冰箱空了。

副词

Jia Junpeng was called back to have dinner. 贾君鹏被叫回家吃饭了。

现在分词

Tom was found lying in bed, sleeping. 汤姆被发现躺在床上睡着了。

过去分词

His face was seen reflected in the water. 看见水里他的脸的倒影。

宾语的补语

不定式(to do)

The teacher will not allow us to play football on the street. 老师不让我们在街上踢足球。

名词

Everyone thinks me a genius. 每个人都认为我是一个天才。

形容词

I found the bridge empty. 我发现冰箱空了。

副词

Please call Jia Junpeng back to have dinner. 请叫贾君鹏回家吃饭。

现在分词

I found Tom lying in bed, sleeping. 我发现汤姆躺在床上睡着了。

过去分词

He saw his face reflected in the water. 他看见水里他的脸的倒影。