Industrial psychologists apply the principles of psychology to the workplace.
工业心理学家就是把心理学原理应用于工作场所。

"Interestingly, I got into this field by having bad jobs," says Steve Kozlowski, former president of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology and a psychology professor at Michigan State University. He had dropped out of college and got a job on the assembly line at a factory. "I ran a machine. The work was monotonous, dangerous, didn't pay well, and it didn't have to be that bad.
"密歇根州立大学心理学教授、工业和组织心理学协会前主席史蒂夫·科兹洛夫斯基说:“有趣的是,我进入这个领域是因为工作不理想,”他大学辍学后,在一家工厂的装配线上找到了一份工作。“我负责运行一台机器,虽然这项工作内容单调,危险,工资不高,但也不至于要那么糟糕。”

When asked about his entry into the field, Mark Poteet, president of Organizational Research & Solutions Inc., says, "I've always found a natural interest in people – why do people do what they do – but I've also always had an interest in business, commerce and finance ." He started asking himself questions like, "what makes employees more productive?" and "what makes leaders more effective?"
当被问及为什么会选择进入该领域时,组织研究与解决方案公司总裁马克•波提特表示:“我对人一直有一种与生俱来的好奇心——人们为什么要做他们做的事——但同时我也一直对买卖、商业和金融感兴趣。”于是他开始问自己这样的问题:“是什么让员工更有效率?”以及“是什么使领导者更有效率?” 

And these are just the questions that industrial psychology addresses. Poteet describes the profession as "a natural marriage between psychology and business."
而这些正是工业心理学所关注的问题。波提特把这一职业描述为“心理和商业之间的自然结合”。

From 2016 to 2026, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that new jobs will shake out at a rate of nearly 6 percent, but because industrial psychology is such a small field, this growth rate will translate into just 100 jobs over the 10-year period.
美国劳工统计局预计,从2016年到2026年,新增就业岗位将以近6%的速度大幅减少,但由于工业心理学是一个如此小的领域,在10年时间里,这一减少的增长率将转化为仅100个就业岗位。

 

What Type of Education Do Industrial Psychologists Need?
工业心理学家需要什么样的教育?

To enter the field of industrial psychology, a master's degree in industrial/organizational psychology, known as I/O or IOP, is required. According to Poteet, a master's degree gives you a somewhat narrow breadth of training in the field. A doctoral degree gives you a broader education and allows you access to academic, research and scientific jobs that aren't open to candidates with just a master's degree.
要进入工业心理学领域,至少需要工业/组织心理学硕士学位,称为I/O或IOP。根据波提特的说法,硕士学位让你在这个领域的训练范围变得有点狭窄,博士学位才能为你提供了更广泛的教育,让你有机会从事学术和科研工作,而这些工作对只有硕士学位的求职者并没有开放。

 

Job Satisfaction
工作满意度

Average Americans work well into their 60s, so workers might as well have a job that’s enjoyable and a career that's fulfilling. A job with a low stress level, good work-life balance and solid prospects to improve, get promoted and earn a higher salary would make many employees happy. Here's how Industrial Psychologists job satisfaction is rated in terms of upward mobility, stress level and flexibility.
一般人都能很好地工作到60多岁,所以不妨找一份令人愉快和满意的工作,一份令人满意的职业。一份压力小、工作与生活平衡好、有良好的前景可以改善、晋升和获得更高薪水的工作会让许多员工感到高兴。以下是公关专家的工作满意度在升职、压力水平和灵活性方面的评价。 

 

How to Get a Job as an Industrial Psychologist
如何找到一份工业心理学家的工作

To find a job, Poteet recommends completing internships to gain experience. Critical thinking skills and communication skills are very important to this career path. He also suggests joining the local and national associations so you can check out their job postings and network with other professionals. "Networking is really important in this field," Poteet says. "Much of my work comes from referrals – rarely is it a cold call."
为了找到工作,波提特建议通过实习来获得经验。批判性思维能力和沟通能力对这条职业道路非常重要。他还建议加入当地和国家的协会,这样你就可以查看他们的招聘信息并与其他专业人士建立关系网。“人际关系网在这个领域非常重要,”波提特说,“我的大部分工作都是别人引荐的,很少是靠自我推销找到的。”

Kozlowski says, "Strive for excellence in whatever you do. Get into the best school, take the best internship, then the best job.
"科兹洛夫斯基说:“无论做什么,都要追求卓越。进入最好的学校,接受最好的实习,然后找到最好的工作。

 

What is the Job Like?
这份工作怎么样?

Industrial psychologists are employed in their own small businesses, as well as by consulting firms, big corporations, hospitals and the government. They are also employed by colleges and universities, where they both teach the next generation of practitioners and conduct research.
工业心理学家既可以受雇于他们自己的小公司,也可能受雇于咨询公司、大公司、医院和政府。他们也会受雇于高等院校,在那里他们教授下一代从业者,同时进行相关的研究。

A typical day for one of these professionals might involve meeting with a client, getting a thorough understanding of their organization and the problems the organization faces, and then researching solutions to their problems. One example of a problem might be an underperforming workforce. An industrial psychologist would have to employ their understanding of human behavior and combine it with research methodology to understand why this might be happening and how it might be fixed. This research might include focus groups or surveys or other scientific means of gathering data. Writing is a big part of the job, as these professionals write proposals to their clients and publish their research.
对于这些专业人士来说,典型的一天可能包括与客户会面,深入了解他们的组织和组织面临的问题,然后研究问题的解决方案。假如问题是一个公司的全体员工都表现不佳。这时候工业心理学家必须运用他们对人类行为的理解,并将其与研究方法相结合,搞懂为什么会发生这种情况,以及如何加以解决。这项研究可能包括焦点小组、调查或其他收集数据的科学手段。写作是工作的一个重要部分,因为这些专业人士会给他们的客户写建议书,并发表他们的研究成果。

"There are always big problems to be solved," Kozlowski says.
“总有一些大问题需要解决,”科兹洛夫斯基说。

 

(翻译:雅兰)