2018年7月28日雅思考试题目预测

Write at least 150 words.

解题思路：

本次雅思考试的小作文部分考的是关于从1980到2010这30年期间内男女超重的情况分析。在描写的时候，一定要注意描述清楚不同时间的趋势变化以及数据分组（分段）。这个题目可以有两种思路，一种是男性体重和女性体重分开描述，各成一个主体段；另一种是按照年份特征，将1980至2000期间呈增长趋势的男女性体重在一段中描述，而将2000至2010期间的数据变化放在另一段描述。本文以第二种思路为例。

参考范文：

The bar chart gives information about the percentage of overweight men and women in Australia over 30 years from 1980 to 2010.

Overall, it is clear that this three-decade period witnessed a noticeable increase in overweight rate of both men and women in Australia, and the obese men clearly outnumbered their female counterparts.

During two decades from 1980 to 2000, the ratio of overweight males experienced an unbalanced increase from 47% to 70%. By the year of 1990, the overweight ratio had risen at a slower pace to just over 50%, while from then on, it rocketed to 70% in 2000. In the meantime, the overweight figures of the female saw a similar trend, rising gradually from 30% in 1980 to 50% in 2000.

From 2000 to 2010, the percentage of overweight men witnessed an opposite trend, with a slight decrease of 3%, while the overweight rate in the female remained stable at approximately 50% during this decade.         

Word count: 158

重点表达：

①rate: n. 比率

②outnumber: vt. 数量超过

③counterpart: n. 对应的人或物

④ratio: n. 比率（=rate）

⑤rocket:  vi. 快速增长

⑥see a similar trend:  呈现相似的趋势

⑦witness an opposite trend: 呈现相反的趋势

⑧remain stable at: 保持稳定在……

本次机经真题解析由以下沪江留学老师产出

李敏老师

沪江网校雅思教研，英国杜伦大学毕业；英文专业8级；高中英语教师资格证书等，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校World English A2和 B1、新版雅思6.5分写作、新版雅思7分写作等课程的设计规划与制作。

A类大作文：

教育类

Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. Do you agree or disagree？

Nowadays，full-time university students tend to focus on their studying. Some people think it is essential for university students to be involved in other activities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In some countries, secondary schools provide a general education of a range of subjects. In others, children have a narrow range of subjects related to a particular career. Which do you think is more appropriate for modern world?

As scientists contribute more to the development of our society than other people do, science students should get more financial support from the government than other students. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people think that all young people should be required to have full-time education until they are at least 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree？

As part of education, students should spend a period of time studying and living in a different country to learn language and culture. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think only best students should be rewarded; others think we should reward students who show improvement. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

社会类

Old people have their own ideas of how to think, behave and live. However, these are no longer suitable for young people in preparing their modern life. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

With the development of many countries, people start to live individually and live in very small family units. What are the causes? What effects does it have on society?

政府类

Many people believe that scientific research should be carried out and controlled by the government rather than private companies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think they have right to use as much fresh water as they want, while others believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water as it is limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The government has the duty to ensure that its citizens have a healthy diet, while others believe this is individuals' responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

环境类

With the increasing demand for energy sources of oil and gas, people should look for sources of oil and gas in remote and untouched places. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages of damaging such areas?

Some people think that instead of preventing climate change, we need to find a way to live with it. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people say the best way to solve the environmental problem is to raise the price of fuel, to what extent do you agree or disagree？

Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual people to address. We have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is to address it at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Nuclear energy is a better sources of energy to meet the increasing demand of energy. Do you agree or disagree?

犯罪类

Some think most crime is the result of circumstances e.g. poverty and other social problems. Others believe that most crime is caused by people who are bad by nature. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Some people believe that young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

科技类

The increase in food production owes much to fertilizers and better machinery, but some people think that it has a negative impact on human health and community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some groups of people have benefited from modern communication technology but some people have not benefited at all, to what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think it’s necessary to use animals for testing medicines intended for human use. Others, however, think it’s not right to do that. Discuss both views and give you own opinion.

工作类

In some countries it is illegal for companies to reject job applicants for their age. Is this positive or negative to the development?

Countries with a long average working time are more economically successful than those countries which do not have a long working time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

媒体类

Some people think news has no connection to people's lives, so it is a waste of time to read news in the newspaper and watch news programs in television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Research shows that overeating can be just as harmful as smoking. Thus, the advertising of certain food products should be banned, as cigarette is banned in many countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

旅游类

Tourism is a multibillion-dollar industry that supports economic development. However some people think that it causes too much damage to the local environment and culture. Do you agree or disagree?

Foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people when visiting the local historical and cultural tourist attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

其他类

Some people believe famous people's support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

以下为重点话题及范文解析：

题目：Some people think news has no connection to people's lives, so it is a waste of time to read the news on the newspaper and watch television news programs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

题型：同意与否型

话题：媒体类

解题思路：对于回答“是否同意型”的作文题目，可以完全采用同意/否定的观点，也可以从多角度入手，得出部分同意/否定的结论。本题观点可分成2部分，一部分是“news has no connection to people's lives”，另一部分是“it is a waste of time to read/watch the news”。写作时这两点都需要涉及。

参考范文：

There is no deny that news is one of the most common information source for the public, but somehow its relation with our life seems to be rather awkward nowadays. Therefore, it is not strange to say that the value of news is not as high as it is expected to be.

This view is especially correct when it comes to news about popular stars in fields of entertainment, where paparazzi tabloids report all kinds of titbits of celebrities who have nearly no connections with the readers. As amusement becomes the mainstream pursuit of the times, people are just willing to indulge themselves in the hyped-up sensations even though they are fully aware of the deliberate exaggerations will not better their own lives. From these kinds of news, stars gain attention, media earn money and common people know how to waste time.

Thankfully, there still exists some latest information which does have relations with people’s livelihood, except the disappointing fact that the exposed negative cases are seldom followed up on their solutions or final results. For instance, reports on substandard vaccines and sexual abuses raise public attention every few years, but each time the scandal appears, it will not take long to subside miraculously as if nothing has ever happened. Even though the incident has crossed a moral line, those who are not stake holders do not deserve explanations. Transparency and truth never find their way to the broad mass of people, let alone the news of the thorough overhaul of the industry. In this sense, reading or watching such news only serves as a way to kill time as nothing will be changed however depressed and discontented the public are.

As discussed above, entertainment reports that take up the largest part of news merely serves to help people kill leisure times, while some other news seems to be connected with our lives, there is still no need to watch or read since the results are already well set by those in the saddle.

重点表达：

①awkward: adj.  尴尬的

②paparazzi tabloids:   小报新闻

③titbit: n.  花边新闻

④substandard vaccines:   劣等疫苗

⑤subside: v.  下沉；平息；减弱

⑥the thorough overhaul of:   彻底整治……

⑦in the saddle:   管理者，领导者

本次机经由以下沪江留学老师产出

王倩竹老师

沪江网校留学资深教研老师，同济大学英语语言文学硕士，主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校《雅思保七冲八》、Unlock A1-B2雅思能力课程、World English B1、新版雅思6.5分阅读、新版雅思7分听力等课程的设计规划与制作，并帮助多名1V1学生达到雅思写作7分。

【听力】

Section 1 & Section 2重点场景（生活类）：求职，预约医生，博物馆导览，公园导览，制作工艺。

Section 3 & Section 4重点场景（学术类）：机械流程，设备结婚扫，论文讨论，学术讲座，心理健康。

Section 1   Questions 1-10

NEW JOBS

Questions 1-5

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Example James has not seen Annie lately due to spending long hours at work.

1     James enjoys the _____ of his work.    

2     Annie does not enjoy all the _____ for her work.

3     Annie’s job involves    _____, and offering advice to land managers or owners who wish to make changes.

4     Annie works in the council’s _____ division.

5     Annie outlines her clients’ legal obligations, and proposes the _____ of their land.

Questions 6-7

Choose TWO letters. A-E

Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.

Fiona’s Company

What the business sells: 4 _____   

Idea for business: 5 _____ society

Business customers: 6 _____  

Question 7

Choose ONE letter, A-E.

Which TWO of the following are likely to cause the farmer difficulties in her development application?

A     New accommodation

B     Anew road

C     Olive trees

D   A volcano

E     A wetland

Questions 8-10

Answer the questions below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

8     For whom does Annie think carefully controlled land use is valuable?

    __________

9     When did a tram service cease in James and Annie's town?

    __________

10   What did James study at university?    

    __________

SECTION 2   Questions 11-20

Question 11

Classify the following things that:

A Hamish the musician did or does.

B Juliette the interviewer did or does.

C Ray Rogers the music show host did or does.

Write the correct letter, A, B, or C, on your answer sheet.

11   He / She went to rock concerts as a teenager.

12   He / She cried on the radio.

13   He / She was very nervous about performing in public.

14   He / She thinks work adversely affected his / her private life.

Questions 15-18

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Section 3   Questions 21 and 30

VERTICAL GARDENING

Questions 21-25

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Questions 26-28

Label the diagram below on the following page.

Choose THREE answers from the box, and write the correct answer, A-E, next to questions 26-28.

Questions 29-30

Choose the correct letter. A, B, or C.

29. Overall, how does Marina feel about vertical gardening?

A Rather skeptical

B Keen with reservations

C Enthusiastic

30. To whom does David think vertical gardening will mostly appeal?

A Big businesses rather than individuals

B The developing world

C People all over the world

Section 4   Questions 31-40

SELF-FULFILMENT

Questions 31-32

Choose the correct letter. A, B, or C.

31   What is a concern of a growing number of the speaker’s clients?

A Financial hardship

B Future uncertainty

C Vague discontent

32   Why did the female client stop her sessions with the psychologist?

A She did not have time.

B The psychologist did not help.

C The reasons are unclear.

Questions 33-40

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

34.  People in developed countries have _____ to credit.

35.  For poor people, they must use a private lender for a _____.

36.  People have increasing debts when they cannot_____.

37.  This might be because of something unplanned, for example, a failed business or _____.

Questions 38-40

Complete the flow chart below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Answer key

Section 1

1. location

2. travelling

3. surveying

4. Ecological Assessment

5. best use

6-7. BE (in either order)

8. Future generations

9. 1956

10. Psychology

Section 2

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. A

15. temperature

16. tone

17. reinforcement

18. for several days

19. C

20. B

Section 3

21. Designing

22. large-scale / large scale

23. growth

24. tropical rainforests

25. watering

26. E

27. B

28. D

29. A

30. B

Section 4

31. C

32. C

33. self-sacrifice / self-sacrifice

34. rural areas

35. mother

36. the young (must include the’)

37. greater

38. justice

39. work

40. others

【阅读】

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

The Origins of Laughter

While joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, laugh. The fact that they laugh suggests that laughter has been around for a lot longer than we have.

There is no doubt that laughing typically involves groups of people. “Laughter evolved as a signal to others — it almost disappears when we are alone,” says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as “see you later”, rather than anything particularly funny. And the way we laugh depends on the company we’re keeping. Men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are present, possibly indicating flirtation or even submission.

To find the origins of laughter, Provine believes we need to look at play. He points out that the masters of laughing are children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and the original context is play. Well-known primate watchers, including Dian Fossey and Jane Goodall, have long argued that chimps laugh while at play. The sound they produce is known as a pant laugh. It seems obvious when you watch their behavior — they even have the same ticklish spots as we do. But after removing the context, the parallel between human laugh­ter and a chimp’s characteristic pant laugh is not so clear. When Provine played a tape of the pant laughs to 119 of his students, for example, only two guessed cor­rectly what it was.

These findings underline how chimp and human laughter vary. When we laugh the sound is usually produced by chopping up a single exhalation into a series of shorter with one sound produced on each inward and outward breath. The ques­tion is: does this pant laughter have the same source as our own laughter? New research lends weight to the idea that it does. The findings come from Elke Zim­merman, head of the Institute for Zoology in Germany, who compared the sounds made by babies and chimpanzees in response to tickling during the first year of their life. Using sound spectrographs to reveal the pitch and intensity of vocal­izations, she discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the same pattern. Zimmerman believes the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laugh­ter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing associated with enjoy­able and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of pleasure.

Pinpointing when laughter developed is another matter. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor that lived perhaps 8 million years ago, but animals might have been laughing long before that. More distantly related primates, including gorillas, laugh, and anecdotal evidence suggests that other social mammals can do too. Scientists are currently testing such stories with a compara­tive analysis of just how common laughter is among animals. So far, though, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from research done by Jaak Panksepp from Bowling Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling.

All this still doesn’t answer the question of why we laugh at all. One idea is that laughter and tickling originated as a way of sealing the relationship between mother and child. Another is that the reflex response to tickling is protective, alerting us to the presence of crawling creatures that might harm us or compel­ling us to defend the parts of our bodies that are most vulnerable in hand-to-hand combat. But the idea that has gained the most popularity in recent years is that laughter in response to tickling is a way for two individuals to signal and test their trust in one another. This hypothesis starts from the observation that although a little tickle can be enjoyable, if it goes on too long it can be torture. By engaging in a bout of tickling, we put ourselves at the mercy of another individual, and laugh­ing is what makes it a reliable signal of trust, according to Tom Flamson, a laugh­ter researcher at the University of California, Los Angels. “Even in rats, laughter, tickle, play and trust are linked. Rats chirp a lot when they play,” says Flamson. “These chirps can be aroused by tickling. And they get bonded to us as a result, which certainly seems like a show of trust.”

We’ll never know which animal laughed the first laugh, or why. But we can be sure it wasn't in response to a prehistoric joke. The funny thing is that while the origins of laughter are probably quite serious, we owe human laughter and our language-based humor to the same unique skill. While other animals pant, we alone can control our breath well enough to produce the sound of laughter. Without that control there would also be no speech — and no jokes to endure.

Questions 1-6

Look at the following research findings (Questions 1-6) and the list of people below.

Match each finding with the correct person, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

36. Babies and some animals produce laughter which sounds similar.
37. Primates are not the only animals who produce laughter.
38. Laughter can be used to show that we feel safe and secure with others.
39. Most human laughter is not a response to a humorous situation.
40. Animal laughter evolved before human laughter.
41. Laughter is a social activity.

Questions 7-10

Complete the summary using the list of words, A-K, below.

Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.

Some scientists believe that laughter first developed out of 7 _____. Research has revealed that human and chimp laughter may have the same 8 _____. Scientists have long been aware that 9    _____ laugh, but it now appears that laughter might be more widespread than once thought. Although the reasons why humans started to laugh are still unknown, it seems that laughter may result from the 10 _____ we feel with another person.