不定式

不定式的全称是“动词不定式”,是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to+动词原形构成。不定式具有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。

1) It was a great achievement _______________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).

2) It is necessary _______________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).

3) It is generous _______________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).

4) The teacher decided _______________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).

5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法国的儿子).

6) The gardener _______________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).

7) We _______________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).

8) He feels it challenging _______________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).

9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践).

10) The bad weather _______________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).

参考答案

1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

考点:不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式,而将不定式移到谓语后面

2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

考点:有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等

3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

考点:有时用“介词of + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人,这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等

4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

考点:1. 用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not

能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish

5) whether to visit their son in France

考点:“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等

6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

考点:不定式作宾语补语

7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

考点:同上

(能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注:划线的动词后面的不定式不带to)

8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

考点:动词 + it + 形容词/名词 + 不定式。it是形式宾语,不定式是真正宾语

9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

考点:不定式作定语

不定式常用作以下名词/代词的定语:ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,intention,need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等

10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

考点:同上

更多节目请进入2010年12月CET6备考小组