语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。

  被动语态考点聚焦

  (一)被动语态的概念:
  不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。

  (二)被动语态的构成方式:
  be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。

  (三)被动语态的基本用法:
  (1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
  ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
  My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
  An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
  I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
  ②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
  The boss made him work all day long.
  He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
  ③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。
  The children were taken good care of (by her).
  Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
  ④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
  ⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面,用主语从句来表示。如:
  People say he is a smart boy.
  It is said that he is a smart boy.
  He is said to be a smart boy.
  People know paper was made in China first.
  It is known that paper was made in China first.
  Paper was known to be made in China first.
  类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …

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