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epigenetics

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DNA

the Genome Project

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Whether those genes are turned on or off is called epigenetics.
Epigenetics, er, you know, up on the genes.
Not only is the sequence important for the DNA, which we've studied for a long time in the past few decades, but we now understand that in addition to that there is this overlying epigenetic phenomenon that allows the genes to get turned on or off.
Epigenetics could explain how a human could be created with less than 30,000 genes and why the Genome Project didn't provide all the answers.
Now if we actually put epigenetics on top of it, where makes it much more complicated on whether genes get activated and to a certain level and so forth. Then you have a complexity that can start to explain biology much more effectively than the simple sequence of the DNA.
So clearly we have additional levels of complexity that we now need to understand that are beyond the DNA.
The next huge challenge for modern biology is to now decipher the epigenetic code and understand all the combinations of switches that exist.
An accurate chemical map of the human genome tells us surprisingly little about how it actually works. Transcribing the code of the genes, the Genome Project is not an end, but simply a beginning.

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