过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情，也可表示过去

降了. 5. She said she would come as soon as she had done her work. 要用过去完成时来表示过去将来完成时. 6. Eric died a few days ago and these years, he had lived as a recluse. 埃里克几天前死了,这些年来, 埃里克都是过着隐士生活. (过去完成时) 7. When I arrived, they already put the fire out. 我到达时, 他们已经把火扑灭了. (不可用过去完成进行时) 8. Past simple or present perfect? 一般过去时还是现在完成时? 9. Several outcome measures were applied, and the results were compared with findings in previously described cohorts. 多用现在时和过去时态,偶尔也会用到完成时和将来时.一般用过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 过去完成时过去时叙述研究的实验设计、作过程和方法 、 到的结果等等. 10. The teacher said the assignment would have been handed in before next week. (过去将来完成时)老师说作业在下周前交.

句话分析出来就是“雪已经停了”。但是值得注意的是“雪停了”这个动作是发生在“我”醒来之前，所以要用到过去完成时“had stopped。 再举一个被动式的例子“the shiny white snow on our lawn had been cleaned by my father.”即“草坪上的雪已经被爸爸清扫干净了。”因为通篇都是在讲过去的事情，而爸爸是在过去之前就把雪清扫干净了。这“过去的过去”就形

过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作， 即"过去的过去需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如： He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office. 专项练习题： 汉译英 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌？ 2.到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍。 3.十点钟前，我们到达了车站。 4.在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。 5.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始五分钟了。 6.昨天找看见李平了。自从我们离开北京，就一直没有见面。 7.我昨天没有给魏华那本书，因为她已经为

在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。 例如： He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.（有一个表示一段时间的状语） She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 不过这个时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去： 例如： She came back at six. She had been waiting for him three hours.（六点时她已经没有再等了） 而过去完成时（The Past Perfect Tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。 例如： I had finished reading the book by ten o'clock last night到昨晚10点钟，我已经读过去完成进行时完了这本书。 要想完全掌握这两种时态，需得经过大量的练习，读完这篇文章，请同学们赶紧拿起笔来，多多练习，争取能正确合理地使用这两种时态！

过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成

过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 典型例题 (1) ---Do you know our town at all? ---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。 (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before? ---No, it's the first time I ___ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。 注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例题 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去此前一句应用过去进行时。 注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就…… had no sooner… than 刚…… 就…… He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.  

由 had 加动词的过去分词构成。 　　例句： 　　She said she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。 　　When the police arrived,the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 　　By the time he was twelve,Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情，也可表示过去

过去完成时。 The said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. （3）根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时 （1）常用过去完成时的几种情况： ①by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to 另：当从句由 after，before，when或 as soon as引导时，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时。 When he arrived, he called her. They locked the door before they left.