(a)词形不变,词性改变 
例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物).   
 
(b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词
例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner,  visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等.
注意:1)以不发音的e结尾的动词,在词尾加-r.            
          例如:drive—driver, write—writer等. 
       2)以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er                        例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等.   
 
(c)在动词词尾加上-ment 变成名词 
例如:achieve—achievement (成就)             
       advertise—advertisement//advertising(广告) 
       agree—agreement      disgree—disagreement
       amuse—amusement (娱乐)      improve—improvement(争吵) 
       commit(奉献)—commitment      develop—development (发展)
       depart—department (局,部)     govern(统治)—government(政府)
       manage—management (管理)      equip—equipment (装备) 
 有些单词比较特殊,需把动词后的e去掉再加ment.    例如:argue—argument(争论)   
 
(d)在动词词尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion变成名词 
例如: attract—attraction;   instruct—instruction;   
        invent—invention discuss—discussion;   express—expression educate—education;   
        graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion") 
        compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion")
        decide—decision    conclude—conclusion  (把de改为s再加"ion")
        describe—description描写,描绘 (这是特例,不规则变化)   
 
(e)在动词词尾加上-ance变成名词
 例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出现)
         perform—performance (演出)
         accept—acceptance (接受)   
 
(f)在动词词尾加-ing变成名词 (方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同) 
例如:meet—meeting       build—building         wait—waiting
       bathe—bathing       say—saying(谚语)    mean—meaning
      end —ending           train —training          wash—washing
注意:以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing
如:swim—swimming   shop—shopping    begin—beginning   
 
(g)其他一些比较特殊的变化 
例如: Beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)              behave(行为举止)—behavior
          know(知道)—knowledge(知识)      fly—flight (飞行) 
          heat (加热)—heat(热量)  hit (撞击)—hit( 轰动一时的人或物,碰撞)
          mix (混合)—mixture(混合物)    press(按,压)—pressure(压力)
          sit(坐)—seat (座位)         succeed—success(成功)
          tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)