在官方公布的写作评分描述中有一项Coherence and Cohesion。这一项是涉及要点最多,却最为广大教学工作者和学生所忽视的一项。该项目涉及三大要点文章信息点安排(information and ideas organization)、衔接手段(cohesive device)分段(paragraphing)。其中分段在大作文的5分至7分的评分描述中被重点强调。

本文将重点关注该项目中所提到的Cohesive Device:(衔接手段)。

Coherence and Cohesion 的7分第二条原文:

Uses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some uner-/over-use

6分第二条原文为:

Uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical;

6分第三条提到:

May not always use referencing clearly or appropriately

与之对应的5分第二条为:

Makes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devices

5分第三条为:

May be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitution

由以上所涉及到的原文可以看出,referencing(指代关系)和substitution(替代)都是cohesive device(衔接手段)的表现,而且是确定分值的重要参考标准。

那么这里反复提到的Cohesive Device(衔接手段)究竟是什么呢?

专家认为Cohesive Device:(衔接手段)主要指能使信息的逻辑关系更清晰的各种英语字符。

逻辑关系主要涉及:并列或递进关系、让步或转折关系、因果关系和举列。

具体来看,可分成以下三类:

Lexical aspect:(词汇方面)

Linking word(连词):

并列或递进关系:and; also; too; or; Besides; furthermore; moreover; likewise; meanwhile等

让步或转折关系:but; however; whereas; nonetheless; nevertheless; although; though; otherwise; yet; rather; despite; rather等

因果关系:because; so; since; for; so; thus; therefore; thereby;

举例:like