2、描述数字变化的常用句型及词汇

趋势写作 identify trend

12个单词 + 3个句式 + 4个连接词

a、12个单词

趋势

描述单词

注意事项

上升

grow, climb, soar

1．其中“soar”和“sink”为极限词汇，不能添加任何修饰；

2．在句子和文章中，事实上很少用到上述动词的原型，相反使用最多的是它们的“过去式”，以及对应的名词；

3．上升和下降需要和数字建立连接，可供选择的介词to, by, of

    To 配合动词和名词，表示“达到”

    By/of 表示“变化了”；by跟在动词后面，而of跟在名词后面

下降

drop, fall, sink

平稳

stay unchanged at+不变的值

 

波动

varybetween…and…（两个极值；名词fluctuation between…and…

 

程度

dramatically (significantly)剧烈的；progressively (gradually)逐渐的；slightly (slowly)缓慢的

表中所提供的单词均为“副词”，需搭配动词使用；如果需要搭配、修饰“名词”，则上述的词汇应变为“形容词”，即:dramatic, progressive, slight

 

b、3个重要的句式：

例句：在2005年到2006年间，当澳洲当地的水费usage charge增加了每千升per kiloliter 0.25元。（看看下面的三种不同表达形式）

（1）主谓句（强调量词的变化）

The usage charge in Australia grew by $0.25 per kiloliter during 2005-2006.

（2） 主谓宾句（强调量词的变化，词性变化）

The usage charge in Australia had a growth of $0.25 per kiloliter between 2005 and 2006.

（3） 被动句（强调变化本身）

A growth of $0.25 per kiloliter was found in the usage charge in Australia over 1 year to Year 2006.

NB: 表示时间的变化，常用的手法

From…to…; between…and…; during…-…; for/over时间差to终止时间

c、4个连接词

第一种：一个对象在不同时期的变化（时间变化）,before /, after which

第二种：不同对象的比较 similarly (= The similar pattern is found in…) / however (In contrast,)

例题：在过去的2年中，中国的GDP（Gross Domestic Production）增长了10%，预计在明年GDP仍可能增长8%左右。但是，日本的GDP在过去的2年中，基本呈现下降趋势，而且预计明年下降得更猛烈。
In the recent 2 years, GDP of China has grown by 10%, after which it is estimated to climb by 8% next year. In contrast, a dropping trend, in the last 2 years, has been found in that of Japan, before it is predicted to be more dramatic.

当不是特别能够确定图表的具体数值时，我们可以在数字前加上about, around, nearly, approximately, or so等一些比较模糊的副词修饰。

看一道例题：

During 1979- 1999, visits overseas by UK residents, about 12 million in 1979, had a growth to nearly 52 million. The similar pattern was found in visits to the UK by international residents from around 10 million to 30 million. 6.5分

UK residents, about 12 million in 1979, had a growth to nearly 52 million. The similar pattern was found in visits to the UK by international residents from around 10 million to 30 million, but climbing slower than the former. 7分

In 1979, visits abroad by UK residents, 2 million more than those to the UK by overseas residents, was 12 million, after which a dramatic rise to nearly 52 million was found in 1999, when the similar pattern was seen in the visits to the UK by international residents to nearly 30 million. 8分

NB：高分的内容应该是信息量较大的，而且处处充斥着比较和对比的感觉。在一个句子中，充分利用“插入语-解释和补充”，以及非限制性定语从句来补充其他的内容，最后利用similarly或however进行比较。