2009年考博英语辅导资料——阅读理解训练
来源：互联网
2009-07-12 00:00
PASSAGE ONE
Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four – year – olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures, As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode(把…编码)or decode (理解) meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”
The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re – establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 1. The author is convinced that the eyes are ______. A) of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas
B) something through which one can see a person’s inner world
C) of considerable significance in making conversations interesting
D) something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate
2. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ______.
A) whose front view is fully perceived C) whose face is seen from the side
B) whose face is covered with a mask D) whose face is free of any covering
3. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because ______.
A) they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
B) they need not communicate through eye contact
C) they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
D) they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood
4. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to ______.
A) temporary glancing away from the listener
B) eye contacts of more than one second
C) improperly – timed ceasing of eye contact
D) constant adjustment of eye contacts
5. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ______.
A) not to wear dark spectacles C) not to glance away from each other
B) not to make any interruptions D) not to make unpredictable pauses
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PASSAGE TWO
More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards, Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch(键盘打孔)operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露)the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled(耍弄)the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives . accountants . and security staff . And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere . 1.It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
D) people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
2.It is implied in the third paragraph that _______.
A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage ?
A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced .
B) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information
C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation
D) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes .
4.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught ?
A) With bad reputation they can hardly find another job .
B) They will be denied access to confidential records
C) They nay way walk away and easily find another job .
D) They must leave the country or go to jail
5.The passage is mainly about __________
A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection
B) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
C) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers
D) why computer crimes can’s be eliminated
文体：
结构：
语言点：
写技：
PASSAGE THREE
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without . We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds . Moreover . an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment . Such an increases presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply . Many people believe thatnuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society . There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy . Firstly , unclear power , except for accidents . is clean A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff . The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and . whatever the anti-nuclear group says , it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel ,. However . opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties . Furthermore . it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy . There have . for example , been very costly accidents in America , in Britain and , of course . in Russia . The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium(铀)in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market . In the long run , environmentalists argue , nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent whish could bring about the destruction of the human race . Thus if we wish to survive , we cannot afford nuclear energy .In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above , nuclear energy programmes are expanding . Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands . However , it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue . Having weighed up the arguments on both sides . it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power .
1. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is _________
A) indifferent
B) tolerant
C) favorable
D) negative
2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy , which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy ?
A) Primitive
B) Cheap
C) Exhaustible
D) Unsafe
3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ___________
A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
D) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff
4. Which of the following statements does the writer support ?
A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing
B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without .
C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons
D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes
5. The function of the last sentence is to __________
A) advance the final argument
B) reflect the writer’s attitude
C) reverse previously expressed thoughts
D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power
Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul” is debatable; that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby’s life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four – year – olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mother’s back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures, As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode(把…编码)or decode (理解) meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus one’s gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of one’s conversation partner.”
The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re – establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact: if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses: there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 1. The author is convinced that the eyes are ______. A) of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas
B) something through which one can see a person’s inner world
C) of considerable significance in making conversations interesting
D) something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate
2. Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ______.
A) whose front view is fully perceived C) whose face is seen from the side
B) whose face is covered with a mask D) whose face is free of any covering
3. According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner’s neck because ______.
A) they don’t like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker
B) they need not communicate through eye contact
C) they don’t think it polite to have eye contact
D) they didn’t have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood
4. According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to ______.
A) temporary glancing away from the listener
B) eye contacts of more than one second
C) improperly – timed ceasing of eye contact
D) constant adjustment of eye contacts
5. To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ______.
A) not to wear dark spectacles C) not to glance away from each other
B) not to make any interruptions D) not to make unpredictable pauses
文体：
结构：
语言点：
写作技巧：
PASSAGE TWO
More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards, Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch(键盘打孔)operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向…透露)the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled(耍弄)the most confidential records right under the noses of the company’s executives . accountants . and security staff . And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere . 1.It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today
B) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions
C) computer criminals can escape punishment because they can’t be detected
D) people commit computer crimes at the request of their company
2.It is implied in the third paragraph that _______.
A) many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered
B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem
C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes
D) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck
3.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage ?
A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced .
B) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information
C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation
D) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes .
4.What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught ?
A) With bad reputation they can hardly find another job .
B) They will be denied access to confidential records
C) They nay way walk away and easily find another job .
D) They must leave the country or go to jail
5.The passage is mainly about __________
A) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspection
B) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment
C) how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers
D) why computer crimes can’s be eliminated
文体：
结构：
语言点：
写技：
PASSAGE THREE
It is often claimed that nuclear energy is something we cannot do without . We live in a consumer society where there is an enormous demand for commercial products of all kinds . Moreover . an increase in industrial production is considered to be one solution to the problem of mass unemployment . Such an increases presumes an abundant and cheap energy supply . Many people believe thatnuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential for an industrially developing society . There are a number of other advantages in the use of nuclear energy . Firstly , unclear power , except for accidents . is clean A further advantage is that a nuclear power station can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff . The nuclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and . whatever the anti-nuclear group says , it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel ,. However . opponents of nuclear energy point out that nuclear power stations bring a direct threat not only to the environment but also to civil liberties . Furthermore . it is questionable whether ultimately nuclear power is a cheap source of energy . There have . for example , been very costly accidents in America , in Britain and , of course . in Russia . The possibility of increases in the cost of uranium(铀)in addition to the cost of greater safety provisions could price nuclear power out of the market . In the long run , environmentalists argue , nuclear energy wastes valuable resources and disturbs the ecology to an extent whish could bring about the destruction of the human race . Thus if we wish to survive , we cannot afford nuclear energy .In spite of the case against nuclear energy outlined above , nuclear energy programmes are expanding . Such an expansion assumes a continual growth in industrial production and consumer demands . However , it is doubtful whether this growth will or can continue . Having weighed up the arguments on both sides . it seems there are good economic and ecological reasons for sources of energy other than nuclear power .
1. The writer’s attitude toward nuclear energy is _________
A) indifferent
B) tolerant
C) favorable
D) negative
2. According to the opponents of nuclear energy , which of the following is TRUE of nuclear energy ?
A) Primitive
B) Cheap
C) Exhaustible
D) Unsafe
3. Some people claim that nuclear energy is essential because ___________
A) it provides a perfect solution to mass unemployment
B) it represents an enormous step forward in our scientific evolution
C) it can meet the growing demand of an industrially developing society
D) nuclear power stations can be run and maintained by relatively few technical and administrative staff
4. Which of the following statements does the writer support ?
A) The demand for commercial products will not necessarily keep increasing
B) Nuclear energy is something we cannot do without .
C) Uranium is a good source of energy for economic and ecological reasons
D) Greater safety provisions can bring about the expansion of nuclear energy programmes
5. The function of the last sentence is to __________
A) advance the final argument
B) reflect the writer’s attitude
C) reverse previously expressed thoughts
D) show the disadvantages of nuclear power