四、根据语态辨析

三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:

误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。

五、根据引申义辨析

三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同:
1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:粗心开车会要你的命。Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
2. spend 表示“表示消耗”“用完”。如:I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。