A  a[E,eI], an[En,An] art. 1.一(个,件,…) 2.任何…都3.每(一) 4.某,某一个:I haveIgot a ticket. 我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr. Brown wishes to see you. 一位叫布朗的先生想见你。【注意】1.单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词(高考短文改错中常考查此知识点,许多同学在做书面表达时也常犯此错),如不能说Mr. Smith is interesting interesting an.(需在 is后 加 an) 2.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加:Do you want to readto it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗? able[5eIbl] adj.能…的,有才能的,能干的,能够的 She’s as clever and able as her sister. 她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事【说明】比较级和最高级可以是 abler 和 ablest 和或 more able, better able 和 most able,但不如前者常见。【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别,见 can。about[E5baJt] prep.在附近,关于,在…周围,忙于 adv.附近,大约,转向,左右,周围:She up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。/ I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about. 她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about. 附近几乎无人。【句型】1. be about to do 即将,就要(不能与 tomorrow 等具体时间状语连用) 2. How [What] about ... (你认为)…怎么样? 【辨析】about与on:前者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,后者指比较系统、深入地论述某事:It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) / It/ is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)above[E5bQv] prep.在…上方,过于,超出 adv. 在上面 adj. 上面的,上述的,上文的:We were flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health isHealth above wealth. 健康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things. 他不至于做出这样的事来。他不至于做出这样的事来。【辨析】above与over:over 表示垂直在上的正上方,above 则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用,不表示正上方时要用 above)。 abroad[E5brR:d] adv. 到(在)国外:He has gone abroad. 他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad. 他刚从国外归来。【用法】1.是副词,不是形容词,不置于名词前作定语,但可置于名词后作定语:one’s recent tourrecent abroad 某人最近的国外之行。2.是副词,不是名词,所以不说 go to abroad之类的。accept[Ek5sept] vt. 接受,承认:Much to my regret, I’m unable to accept your kindyourinvitation. 我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。【辨析】accept 与receive:前者指主观上接受,后者指客观上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it. 他收到这件礼物,但没有接受。accident[5AksIdEnt] n.[C]事故:She was injured badly in an accident during the work. 她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。【短语】by accident偶然,无意中according to[E5kR:dIN tu:] prep.按照,根据:from each accordingeach to his ability, to each according to his needs 各尽所能,按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 o’clock. 按我的表是10点钟。. 【注意】1.不能用于第一人称,即不能说according to me (us)。2.其后不能接view, opinion等表示观点或看法的词,要表示类似意思可改用in one’s opinion等。ache[eIk] n. [C]疼痛 vi. 痛;渴望:Her head ached all night. 她的头整夜都疼。/ I am aching toaching join in the game. 我渴望参加比赛。achieve达到,取得 2.完成,实现:He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。across[E5krRs] prep.& adv. 穿过,在另一边,在对面:We swam across the river. 我们游到河对岸。/ Across the street from the school is the library. 从学校穿过大街就是图书馆。. 【辨析】across与cross:前者为介词或副词,后者为动词。act[Akt] n.[C]动作;举动;节目;(戏剧的)幕;法案,法令 vt.扮演(角色):People praised his brave act. 人们赞扬他的勇敢行为。/ Think before you act! 三思而后行!/ Does the drug take long to act? 这药要很久才能起作用吗?【短语】act as 充当 / act for 代理,代表active[5AktIv] adj.积极的,活泼的,活跃的:She is very active. 她非常活跃。/ He isHean active member of the club. 他是俱乐部的积极分子。 actor[5AktE] 5AktEn.[C](男)演员:professional actor 专业演员
actress[5AktrIs] n.[C]<.女演员:an experienced actress有经验的女演员

  actual[5AktFJEl] ]adj. 实际的,真实的,现实的,目前的:I can not give the actual figures. 我不能举出实际数字。/ What’s SPAN he actual price? 实价多少?add[Ad] vi.&vt. 加,增加,增进,补充说:“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added. “我为她感到惋惜,”鲍勃又说道。【短语】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起来 / add up to 加起来等于,总之就是…style="MARGIN: 0cm 5.25pt 0pt 15.8pt; TEXT-INDENT:address[E5dres] n. [C]住址,通迅处 vt.向…致辞,演说,写姓名地址:What’s your home address? 你的家庭住址呢? / Write the address clearly. 地址请写清楚。admire[Ed5maIE] vt. 钦佩,赞美,羡慕:I admire her for her bravery. 我钦佩她的勇气。【注意】其后不能接双宾语,也不接that 引导的宾语从句。admit[Ed5mIt] vt. 接纳,让…进入,承认:He admitted that it was really his fault. 他承认这确实得怪他。【用法】后接动词要用动名词,不用不定式:She admitted having read the letter. 她承认看过这封信。advance[Ed5vB:ns] vi.前进,进展 vt. 推进,促进,提升,提前,预付 n.[C,U]前进,进展,进步,提升,预付款:The general commanded his men to advance. 将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。【短语】in advance 在前头,事先,提前 / in advance of 在…前面,比…进步,超过 / on the on advance (物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝…前进advantage[Ed5vB:ntIdV] n.[C,U]优势,长处,有利条件,利益:A better education gave us the advantage. 良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The/ advantage of the idea was its simplicity. 这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。【短语】have [gain, get] the [an] advantage over [of] 胜过,优于 / take advantage of 乘机利用,利用别人的弱点,占便宜 adventure[Ed5ventFE] n.[C,U]冒险,冒险活动,奇遇 v. 冒险,胆敢:Hev. lived for adventure. 他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it. 没有人敢冒险做这种事。没有人敢冒险做这种事。【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险”,不可数;表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”,则可数。advice[Ed5vaIs] n.[U]忠告,建议:Your advice was advice< a great help to me. 你的建议对我有很大的帮助。 / I don’t know who ask advice from. 我不知道该向谁讨教。【用法】1.不可数,不与不定冠词或数词连用,也不用复数形式,如说a piece of adviceof, some advice,但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见,通常用ask (for) advice;表示听从或接受某人的意见,通常用follow [take] one’s advice。advise[Ed5vaIz] vt.劝告,建议:Be advised! 接受意见吧! / They will advise you what to do. 他们将给你出主意怎么办。【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语,要用动名词,不能用不定式,即说advise doing sth,不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事,要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语);若表示建议某人不要做某事,则用advise sb not to do sth 或 sthadvise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:We advised he advisedr that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等。affair[E5fZE]n.[C]事件,事情,事务,私事,恋爱事件:foreign affairs 外交事务 / school affairs 校务 / How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎么样?afford[E5fR:d] vt. 买得起,经受得住,承担得起:I can’t afford to buy a car. 我买不起汽车。/ We can’t afford to pay such a price. 我们付不起这个价钱。【用法】1.常与can, could, be able to 连用。to2.其后可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语,若意思明确,可省略有关成分:afford to buy a car =afford a car 买得起小车 / afford/ the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出时间去度假afraid[E5freId] adj.(用作表语)害怕的,担心的;恐怕:Don’t be afraid. 不用怕。/ He is afraid toafraid say that. 他不敢说那事。/ I was afraid of waking him. 我担心会把他吵醒。/ 我担心会把他吵醒。I’m afraid you’re wrong. 恐怕是你错了。【比较】1. be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth:前者指害怕(不敢)做某事,而后者有两个意思,一是表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to afraid< do sth 互换),二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。2. I’m afraid not 与 I’m not afraid:前者为委婉的否定回答,意为“恐怕不…”;后者意为“我不怕”。Africa[5AfrIkE]n.非洲:Africa 非洲:is a continent. 非洲是个大陆。African[5AfrIkEn] adj.非洲的,非洲人的 n.[C]非洲人after[5B:ftE] prep.在…后面 conj.在…以后 adv.在后,后来:What did you do afterdoleaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them after you have left). 你走了之后我再告诉他们。/ We arrived soon after. 我们随后就到了。
【辨析】1. after与behind:前者指位次的先后,后者指位置的前后。2. after与in:前者以过去时间为起点,通常连用过去时态;而in 则以现在时间为起点,通常连用将来时态。但是,若表示在某一点时间之后,则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去):I’ll I’llleave here after 6 o’clock. 我6点后离开这儿。

  afternoon[5B:ftE7nu:n] n.[] C,U]下午,午后:He returned in the late afternoon. 他是在傍晚时分回来的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear. 今天下午阴转晴。again[E5geIn] adv.再一次,又,再:After the storm it became calm again. 暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。/ Look to itto that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。【短语】again and again 再三地,反复地 / once again 再一次against[E5ge(I)nst] prep. 相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着:Are youAre or against it? 你是支持它还是反对它? / Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature. 与大自然作斗争,其乐无穷。【注意】against 是介词,不是动词,所以不能说 Do you against…之类的。age[eIdV] n.年龄,时代,(用复数表示)长时间:What is your age? 你年纪多大?/ She died indied 1936 at the age of 84. 她死于1936年,享年84岁。/ I haven’t seen him for ages. 我已好长时间没有见到他了。【注意】不要按汉语习惯将“他年纪轻”说成He age is young. 可说成 He. is [E5gEJ] adv.以前:That was some twenty years ago. 那大约是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when thew weather has been bad. 我们一星期前来到这里,从那时起天气一直不好。agree[E5gri:] v.同意,赞成,答应:She to my idea. 她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you say. 你所说的我很赞成。/ If you agree, so; if not, so. 如果你同意,就这样;如果你不同意,也这样。【比较】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 赞成某人的意见,与某人意见相同 / on (upon) 对…持相同观点 / agree to 同意(某项计划、建议、安排等)【注意】不要将汉语的“同意某人做某事”直译为sb to do sth,可改说agree to let sb do sth等。agriculture[5AgrIkQltFE] n.[U]农业,农艺,农学:United States Department of Agriculture 美国农业部ahead[E5hed] adv.在前面,向前:Walk straight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河边。【短语】ahead of 在…之前;超过 / ahead of timeof [schedule] 提前 / Go ahead! 前进,有进展,继续干下去【注意】ahead 是副词,不是名词,所以不能说 in theinahead, at the ahead等。aim[eIm] n.[U]瞄准,对准 [C]]目标 v.瞄准,对准,以…为目标:It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我们现在的目标是创办一座工厂。/ I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。【用法】1.表示“瞄准”时,不可数,所以在 take aim at, take careful aim at 这类短语中没有不定冠词。2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事为目标”,动词aim后可接不>2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事为目标”,动词at doing sth,即aim to do sth=aim at doing sth。doing