Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1．I was_about_to_go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.

我刚要睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。

be about to do sth. when... 正要干……这时……

①I was about to go out when the telephone rang.

我正要出门，这时电话铃响了。

②The meeting was about to be held when it began to rain.

会议正要开始，这时开始下雨了。

拓展：表示将要发生的动作，除了用一般将来时外，还有以下常见的结构和时态：

(1)be about to do 表示“即将(正要)做某事”，句中不再加时间状语，相当于 be on the point of doing sth.。

(2)be going to do 表示事先经过考虑、打算去做某事或有明显的迹象要发生某事，它可用于条件状语从句中表示将来，而 shall/will 则不行。shall/will 可表示临时作出决定。

(3)be to do表示职责、义务、意图、约定、可能性或注定要发生的动作。

(4)英语中 begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, open, close 等表示一个预计将要发生的动作或情况，可用一般现在时表将来。这一动作时间比较固定，基本已成为规律。

(5)英语中 go, come, begin, start, leave, arrive, return, take off 等动词(词组)可用现在进行时代替将来时，表示一个预计将要发生的动作，这种用法要带一个表示将来的时间状语。

[即境活用1]　We were ______ to go out for camping ______ it began to rain.

A．hardly; than　 　B．around; as     C．about; when         D．nearly; while

解析：be about to...when... “正准备……这时……”，when作“这时”讲，它起并列连词的作用，连接两个并列的分句。

答案：C

2．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience,_I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人爬下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。

句中this being...是独立主格结构。

独立主格结构由“名词/代词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词/不定式/介词短语/名词/数词”构成，在句中可做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。

①I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart full of worry.(表示结果)

听说她在这场事故中受了伤，我内心充满了担忧。

②The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.

雨停了，他出去散步。(表示原因)

③More time given, we should have done it much better.

如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。(表示条件)

④The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand.

那位猎人手里提着枪走进了森林。(表示补充说明)

⑤Hundreds of people went out of the cinema, some in pairs, others alone.

成百上千的人走出电影院，有的结伴而行，有的独自出来。(表示方式)

提示：(1)独立主格结构一般用逗号同句子其余部分分开。

(2)表示虚义的逻辑主语 it有时可以省略不写。

(3)there be结构的独立主格结构是：there being＋n.。

①(It) Being Sunday, there are no students in the school. 因为是星期天，学校里没有学生。

②There being another chance, he will try his best.

假如再有一次机会，他会尽力而为。

[即境活用2]　(2007•山东)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March.

A．has been launched       B．having been launched

C．being launched            D．to be launched

解析：句中没有连接词，故不能用谓语动词；the most recent having been launched 为独立主格结构，由 at the end of last March 可知应用完成式。

答案：B

3．It_is_said_that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 据说这个男孩子就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。

It is said that... 据说……

It is reported that... 据报道……

It is believed that... 人们认为……

(1)以上结构中 it是形式主语，它所代替的是后面的 that引导的主语从句。以上结构均可转化为“主语＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”结构，其中不定式根据需要有时态和语态的变化。如：

It is said that he has gone abroad.

＝He is said to have gone abroad.

据说他出国了。

(2)有时以上结构还可转化为：“as＋be＋v.¬ed,主句”结构，或者“what＋be＋v.¬ed＋is＋that从句”结构。如：

It is known to all that China is a country with a long history.

＝As is known to all, China is a country with a long history.

＝What is known to all is that China is a country with a long history. 众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。

[即境活用3]　(2007•重庆)Leonardo da Vinci (1452－1519) ______ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.

A．is said to be buying       B．is said to have bought

C．had said to buy             D．has said to have bought

解析：考查 be said to do sth.这一结构。不定式动作发生在 be said 之前，所以要用不定式的完成式，所以答案为B.

答案：B