(三)大力发展社会事业,促进经济社会协调发展。
3. Developing social services and promoting balanced economic and social development。

各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入,全国财政支出2.82万亿元。
Governments at all levels increased spending on science and technology, education, culture, health, and sports programs, with the total amount reaching 2.82 trillion yuan.

持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项,突破一些关键核心技术,填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接,成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。[/cn]
We continued to enhance China's scientific and technological innovation capabilities. We strengthened basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies. We carried out major national research and development projects, made breakthroughs in a number of core and key technologies, and filled in many gaps in important products and technologies. The Tiangong-1 space module and the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft were launched, and Shenzhou-8 successfully docked with Tiangong-1, marking a new milestone in China's development of manned spaceflights.

[cn]扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力,全面实现“两基”目标。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费,其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。

We made solid progress in making education more equitable. We thoroughly implemented the Plan for Education Reform and Development. Thanks to tireless efforts over the past 25 years, we have fully attained the goals of making nine-year compulsory education universally available and basically eliminating illiteracy among young and middle-aged adults. Over 30 million rural boarding school students were exempted from accommodation expenses, and 12.28 million of them who are from poor families in the central and western regions received living allowances. A comprehensive system for providing aid to students from poor families was put in place. The children of rural migrant workers were generally granted access to compulsory education in cities where they live.

推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”,提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作,扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点,提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教,90%以上在中西部。
A three-year action plan for preschool education was carried out, and the number of children enrolled in preschool increased. We vigorously developed vocational education. We strengthened training of primary and secondary school teachers, expanded trials of reforming the system of conferring professional titles on them, and raised their overall quality. All the graduates of 2011 who received tuition-free education in teachers' colleges and universities went to teach in primary and secondary schools, with over 90% of them working in central and western China.

大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持,各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围,服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进,文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设,全民健身活动蓬勃开展,体育事业取得新成绩。
We vigorously strengthened development of the cultural sector. The central government increased financial support for cultural programs that benefit the people, and local governments significantly increased spending on nonprofit cultural programs. We increased the number of public cultural facilities open to the public free of charge, and steadily expanded their services. We continued to reform the cultural system, and cultural industries developed rapidly. Major progress was made in protecting cultural relics and in protecting and passing on China's intangible cultural heritage. We put great effort into building public sports facilities, vigorously developed fitness activities across the country, and made new achievements in sports activities.

积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大,13亿城乡居民参保,全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高,重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖,基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。
We actively yet prudently carried out reform and development of medical and healthcare services. We further expanded coverage of basic medical insurance, so that now 1.3 billion urban and rural residents are covered. A medical insurance system that covers the whole population is emerging. We raised the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses covered by relevant policies, and expanded the range of major diseases for which medical treatment is insured. Governments at all levels increased per-person subsidies for the medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system from 120 yuan per year to 200 yuan per year. We implemented the national system for basic drugs in all community-level medical and health care institutions run by the government, and basic drugs became safer and more affordable. We progressed in an orderly fashion with trials of reforming public hospitals, basically established a community medical and health care service system, and made progress in providing equal access to basic public health services.

(四)切实保障和改善民生,解决关系群众切身利益的问题。
4. Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing and solving problems that affect their interests.

我们坚持民生优先,努力使发展成果惠及全体人民,促进社会公平正义。
We continued to put the people's wellbeing first, worked hard to bring the benefit of development to all, and promoted social fairness and justice.

实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位,全力推动以创业带动就业,加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度,着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8%,同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量2.53亿人,比上年增长4.4%,其中,外出农民工1.59亿人,增长3.4%。
We implemented a more active employment policy. We created jobs through a variety of channels, expanded job opportunities through the creation of new businesses, strengthened vocational skills training, and improved the public employment service system. We increased fiscal, taxation, and financial support to promote employment of university graduates, rural migrant workers, and other key groups. The employment rate for college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year. The number of rural workers totaled 253 million, an increase of 4.4% over the previous year, of whom 159 million worked in towns and cities, up 3.4%.

积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高,连续两年快于城镇居民;各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准;连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金,全年人均增加1680元,5700多万人受益;进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准,对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴;建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。
We adjusted income distribution. We worked hard to increase the income of low-income people. Per capita net income of rural residents in real terms registered the fastest growth since 1985, outpacing urban residents for the second straight year. We significantly increased the minimum wage across the country. Basic pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the seventh consecutive year, with an average increase of 1,680 yuan per person for the year, which benefited over 57 million people. We further increased subsistence allowances for rural and urban residents and subsidies and living allowances for some entitled groups, and granted lump-sum living allowances to more than 86 million people in need, including subsistence allowance recipients in urban and rural areas and childless and infirm rural residents who are entitled to five forms of support (food, clothing, medical care, housing, and burial expenses). We instituted a mechanism to increase social aid and social security benefits when consumer prices rise. The proportion of middle-income earners in the whole population increased.

个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元(2010年不变价)作为新的国家扶贫标准,比2009年提高92%,把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围,这是社会的巨大进步。 
We raised the salary threshold for personal income tax from 2,000 yuan to 3,500 yuan. We reduced the tax burden on over nine million self-employed people. The central government set the new poverty line at 2,300 yuan, which was the per capita net income in rural areas at 2010 prices, an increase of 92% over 2009. This resulted in more low-income people being covered by the government's poverty reduction program, which constitutes tremendous social progress.

加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大,全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县(市、区)实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点,1334万人参保,641万人领取养老金。2343个县(市、区)开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,3.58亿人参保,9880万人领取养老金,覆盖面扩大到60%以上。
We bolstered the development of the social security system. We continued to expand coverage of social security, and the number of people covered by basic old-age insurance for urban residents, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation and maternity insurance rose substantially nationwide. We carried out trials of old-age insurance for non-working urban residents in 2,147 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 13.34 million residents, and 6.41 million residents received pensions. We launched trials of a new type of old-age insurance for rural residents in 2,343 counties and county-level cities and districts, covering 358 million people, and 98.8 million people received pensions. We extended coverage of this insurance to more than 60% of China's counties. 

解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全,向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐,这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。
We solved longstanding problems concerning pensions for more than five million retirees of collectively owned enterprises. We included 3.12 million persons who suffer from past work-related injuries and dependents of employees who lost their lives in work-related accidents in workers' compensation insurance. We worked in an orderly way to make it possible to transfer pension accounts between localities. We continued to improve the social security system and made significant progress in extending coverage to all residents. This was an important achievement for ensuring equal access to basic public services for all.

大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见,完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策,着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平,制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元,是2010年的2.2倍,全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套,新开工建设1043万套。
We accelerated the construction of low-income housing. We adopted guidelines on construction and management of low-income housing; improved policies on government input, land supply, credit support, and tax and fee reductions; strove to improve project planning and construction quality; and introduced a system and measures for distributing, managing, and recalling low-income housing. The central government allocated 171.3 billion yuan for these purposes, an increase of 120% over 2010. We basically completed 4.32 million units of low-income urban housing and began construction on a further 10.43 million units.

努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管,做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制,集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先,加强和创新社会管理,着力排查化解各类社会矛盾,依法打击违法犯罪活动,保持社会和谐稳定。
We worked hard to safeguard public safety. We intensified oversight and supervision of workplace safety and ensured that major accidents were fully investigated and dealt with and those responsible were held accountable. We improved the system and mechanisms for oversight and supervision of food safety, and gave high priority to cracking down on the use of illegal additives and the illegal production and processing of food. We put people and services first, strengthened and made innovations in social administration, strove to investigate and resolve social conflicts, cracked down on crime in accordance with the law, and maintained social harmony and stability.

(五)深入推进改革开放,为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。
5. Deepening reform and opening up and injecting new vitality and impetus into economic and social development.

我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务,加大攻坚力度,推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。
We intensified efforts to overcome difficulties and carried forward reform in major areas and key links to meet reform targets set forth in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度,把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理,扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围,深化部门预算改革,推进政府预算、决算公开,98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革,出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国,启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点,开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。
We improved the public finance system, particularly the budget management system. We put all extrabudgetary funds under budgetary management; expanded the scope of budgets for the use of state capital; deepened the reform requiring government departments to prepare their own budgets; and moved ahead with publicly releasing government budgets and final accounts. Ninety-eight central government departments as well as provincial and municipal governments, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Shaanxi, publicly released information regarding their spending on official overseas trips, official vehicles and official hospitality. We carried out a price-based reform of resource taxes on crude oil and natural gas nationwide, and introduced a plan to replace business tax with value-added tax (VAT) on a trial basis. We extended the use of RMB in cross-border trade settlement to the whole country, launched trials for settling overseas direct investment accounts in RMB, and began settling foreign direct investment accounts in RMB. 

深化集体林权制度改革,启动国有林场改革试点,依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革,创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。
We deepened reform of tenure in collective forests, launched a trial reform of state forestry farms, and started registration for contracting pastureland in accordance with the law. We pressed ahead with reform of the system for managing the construction of water conservancy facilities and made innovations in the system for managing water resources; and deepened reform of state-owned enterprises. We carried out reform to restructure power grids by separating their main business from auxiliary services and implemented the plan to adjust the prices of on-grid electricity and non-household electricity. We basically completed the reform of county and town government bodies, and proceeded with the reform of public institutions through classification in an orderly manner.

我们坚持出口和进口并重,利用外资和对外投资并举,全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略,努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额 3.64万亿美元,增长22.5%,其中,出口增长20.3%,进口增长24.9%,贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元,服务业和 中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快,非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作,多边双边经贸关系继续深化。
We continued to put equal emphasis on exports and imports, encouraged foreign investment in China and Chinese investment overseas, and made comprehensive improvements to China's open economy. We actively pursued the strategy of diversifying markets and improved the trade mix. China's total volume of trade in goods totaled US$ 3.64 trillion for the year, up 22.5%. Exports and imports grew by 20.3% and 24.9%, respectively, and our trade surplus decreased further. Total utilized foreign direct investment was $116 billion, and a larger proportion of it went to service industries and the central and western regions. Chinese companies expanded their overseas presence, and non-financial outward direct investment reached $60.1 billion. We actively participated in international and regional economic cooperation and continued to deepen multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.

我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面,都取得了卓有成效的进展。
We made outstanding progress in improving democracy and the legal system; strengthening national defense and building up the armed forces; and in our work related to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan and our diplomatic work.

过去一年的成绩来之不易,显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性和生命力,增强了中华民族的自豪感和凝聚力。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央科学决策、正确领导的结果,是全党全军全国各族人民齐心协力、顽强拼搏的结果。
Our hard-won achievements over the past year are a testament to the strength and vitality of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics, and have enhanced the pride and cohesiveness of the Chinese nation. We owe these achievements to the sound decisions made by the Party Central Committee, with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, and its correct leadership, as well as the concerted efforts and hard work of the Party, the armed forces, and the people of all ethnic groups in China.

我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚的感谢!向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚的感谢!向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚的感谢!
On behalf of the State Council, I wish to sincerely thank the Chinese people of all ethnic groups, the democratic parties, people's organizations, and people from all sectors of society. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese. I also wish to express my sincere appreciation to governments of other countries, international organizations, and foreign friends around the world who show understanding for and support China in its pursuit of modernization.

我们也清醒地看到,我国经济社会发展仍然面临不少困难和挑战。从国际看,世界经济复苏进程艰难曲折,国际金融危机还在发展,一些国家主权债务危 机短期内难以缓解。主要发达经济体失业率居高难下,增长动力不足,新兴经济体面临通货膨胀和经济增速回落的双重压力。主要货币汇率剧烈波动,大宗商品价格 大幅震荡。国际贸易投资保护主义强化。从国内看,解决体制性结构性矛盾,缓解发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题更为迫切、难度更大,经济运行中又出现不 少新情况新问题。
We are keenly aware that China still faces many difficulties and challenges in economic and social development. Internationally, the road to global economic recovery will be tortuous, the global financial crisis is still evolving, and some countries will find it hard to ease the sovereign debt crisis any time soon. The unemployment rate remains high in the major developed economies, and they lack impetus for growth. Emerging economies face the dual pressures of inflation and slowing economic growth. The exchange rates of major currencies and the prices of important commodities are experiencing sharp fluctuations. Protectionism in international trade and investment is mounting. Domestically, it has become more urgent but also more difficult to solve institutional and structural problems and alleviate the problem of unbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development. In addition, China's economy is encountering new problems.

主要是:经济增长存在下行压力,物价水平仍处高位,房地产市场调控处于关键阶段,农业稳定发展、农民持续增收难度加大,就业总量压力与结构性矛 盾并存,一些企业特别是小型微型企业经营困难增多,部分行业产能过剩凸显,能源消费总量增长过快。一些长期矛盾与短期问题相互交织,结构性因素和周期性因 素相互作用,国内问题和国际问题相互关联,宏观调控面临更加复杂的局面。
There is downward pressure on economic growth. Prices remain high. Regulation of the real estate market is in a crucial stage. It is getting harder to maintain steady development of agriculture and sustain increases in rural incomes. Pressure to increase total employment coexists with structural shortages of qualified personnel in some industries. Some enterprises, especially small and micro businesses, face increasing difficulties in their operations. Some industries are plagued by excess production capacity. Total energy consumption is growing excessively fast. Moreover, some long-term and short-term problems are interwoven; structural and cyclical factors affect each other; domestic and international problems have become interrelated; and our macro-control work faces a more complex situation.

政府工作仍存在一些缺点和不足,节能减排、物价调控目标没有完成;征地拆迁、安全生产、食品药品安全、收入分配等方面问题还很突出,群众反映强烈;政府管理和服务水平有待提高,廉政建设亟需加强。
There are still some deficiencies and shortcomings in the government's work. Targets for conserving energy, reducing emissions, and controlling prices are not being met. Problems concerning land expropriation, housing demolition, workplace safety, food and drug safety, and income distribution are still very serious and the people are still very concerned about them. Government administration and services need to be improved, and efforts to build clean government need to be intensified.

我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神,采取更加有力的措施,切实解决存在的问题,努力把各项工作做得更好,决不辜负人民的重托。
We must act with a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people, take more effective steps to resolve these problems, strive to do all our work better, and truly live up to the people's expectations.