英语写作分为两部分,根据考研英语大纲描述,第一部分写作为应用文写作,分值为10分,以考查考生对英语的实际运用能力为目的,考查的范围包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等,但根据历年经验,应用文部分只考察过书信和通知,因此同学们只要掌握书信和通知的写法即可。第二部分写作为大作文,分值为15分,以考查考生的逻辑思维能力和辨析能力为主,英语一考查的是图画作文,英语二考查的是图表作文。该怎么写大家心里有数吗?

  首先我们来看一下作文的评分标准,只有清楚了解了评分标准,大家才能做到有的放矢,在符合大纲要求的基础上锦上添花,拿到作文高分。根据考研英语大纲要求,同学们要做到以下四点:1.语言要准确,能够正确地使用语法、书写词汇及标点;2.内容要连贯,文章结构要通顺合理;3.文体格式符合题目要求;4.语域恰当,写作目的明确。

  了解了大纲对于写作标准的基本要求后,我们接下来具体讲一下如何在写作中做到这四点。

  关于第一点,考纲明确提出关于词汇、语法及标点的要求,所以同学们在准备考研英语的阶段要打好基础,就词汇来说,大家在记忆单词的时候不仅要默背,还要在纸上写出来,然后进行认真核对;对于语法,大家最好进行比较系统的复习,很多同学可能观点很好,思路也很清晰,却栽在了语法上,导致整篇文章错误百出,给阅卷老师留下不好的印象;关于标点,同学们要摆脱中文标点对英文写作中的负迁移,例如在表示省略时,同学很容易将“...”写成“......”或“... ...”,或者在表示并列成分时使用顿号,大家要知道在英文中是没有顿号的,因此同学们在阅读英语文章的时候不仅要注意文章的思想,还要注意学习正确的标点使用方法。

  关于第二点,内容统一连贯,即内容要有过渡衔接,前后保持一致,不能上一段还在写如何维护网络秩序,下一段就跳到了环境保护问题,因此建议大家在平时可以多阅读文笔好的考研试题作文,学习别人是如何将文章进行逻辑整合的。

  关于第三点,格式的要求,考研写作中要求采用缩进式,即段间不空行,每段首行缩进四个字母。因此大家在练习写作中也要注意正确的书写格式,养成良好的写作习惯。

  关于最后一点,语域即是使用语言的场合,要跟题干要求判断语言的亲疏程度。

  一定会用到的短语/句子

  1. 结果类

  exert A on B

  A-a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact

  Eg: Family education may exert a great impact on children’s behavior.

  对于结果类的句子大家都习惯用“have a great impact/a positive influence on”很少用“exert a great impact/ a positive influence/ a negative impact on”,如果大家以后关于结果类的句型都用“exert”这个单词,是不是给自己的作文加分了呢?

  2. 见证类

  The past several years have witnessed .......

  Eg: The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of cars.

  在写作文的时候我们经常会用到一些背景句,我们在写这一类句子的时候往往会用人作主语,而更为地道的英语,往往都是用时间作主语,我们也会在期刊经常看到类似的表达: The past several years have witnessed an exponential increase in the number of parents who wish to send their kids to art classes.

  3. 重要类

  Nothing is more important than...

  Sth plays quite an important role in...

  Eg: Nothing is more important than to protect the environment.

  Math,to some extent, plays quite an important role in students’ examination.

  4.引出类

  There is much controversy over the issue of...

  Sth has given rise to a heated discussion.

  Sth has caused quite a stir among the general public.

  As regards sth, there has been a heated discussion among the general public.

  Opinions vary greatly when it comes to sth.

  其次,英语作文要注意衔接词的添加,弄清两个句子之间存在的逻辑关系。中国人写文章比较含蓄,注重意境与内隐,如:“我没去上学,我感冒了。”

  而外国人注重简明易懂。如:“I did not go to school because I got the cold.”所以,我们受母语影响,会忘记衔接词的使用。在这里老师给大家总结一下链接词的使用方法:

  1. 一般情况下,两个句子之间,只要不存在转折关系,没事就使用“and”。

  Eg: I have two kids, and both of them are very clever and cute .

  2. 表示原因的句子,要用“because/ because of/ in that/due to/ for/ since等。

  Eg: I did not go to school because I got the cold.

  3. 表示递进的句子,要用“furthermore/ what’s more/ moreover等。

  Eg: To begin with, it goes without saying that science and technology has exerted a positive impact on the progress of civilization in the courses of our history. Furthermore/What’s more/Moreover, science and technology allows us to broaden one’s horizon....

  4. 表示转折的句子,要用“but/however/yet/nevertheless/ by contrast/while等。

  Eg: Some people maintain that praise should be given to the wealth because they contribute to charity business. While others take it for granted that......

  然后,单词的多样性,难度。

  1. 单词的多样性

  在作文中要多用同义转换,这样会让阅卷老师觉得你的词汇量很大很丰富。

  Eg:people in growing numbers take it granted that taking exercise everyday is beneficial to our body, nevertheless, others maintain that work out, to some extent, might exert a negative influence on ours.

  这里的 “taking exercise” 和“work out”为同义转换都是锻炼的意思。

  2. 短语替代单词

  Make a decision 替代decide

  3. 单词的难度

  同样是表达做某事很重要,有低级的表达也有高级的表达,所以大家要用些高级词汇替代低级词汇。

  低级版:it is important that....

  高级版:it is vital/ of great importance/ significant that...

  最后,句子的多样性和长度。

  1. 句子的长度,定语从句,名词性从句,状语从句,并列词拉长句子

  低级版:some people believe that the wealth have become rich can not leave the others in the society. They should contribute to the society.

  高级版:Those people who hold the first opinion believe the wealth can not get rich without others in the society and they should feedback the society.

  这里用一个定语从句修饰people,用并列连词不仅拉长了句子而且丰富了句子的多样性,contribute to 和 feedback 为单词的同义转换。

  2. 功能句的应用和主动变被动

  低级版: About these two ideas, I agree the latter one. For one thing, the wealth get their money because they work honestly and legally.

  高级版:weighing up these two arguments, I am inclined to the latter one.For one thing,the wealth’s money is gotten by their honest and legal business.

  背景为绿色的为功能句的使用,红色阴影的为主动变被动。

  3. 虚拟语气倒装句的使用等

  It is high time that we are supposed to...

  Only in this way can we ....

  在考研英语中,除去阅读,写作所占分值最高,因此同学们要重视写作。写作部分所占分值共计25分,因此写出令考官满意的文章也是获得高分的重要途径。上面这些内容不知道对大家是不是有些帮助,沪江网校的课程已经为大家准备好了,来看看吧。