Adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence.
副词是修饰动词、形容词、限定词、从句、介词或句子的词。

Adverbs can tell you how something is done, for example, speak nicely or work hard. Adverbs can also tell you how much or how many of something you have.
副词可以告诉你事情是怎么做的，例如，说得好或者努力工作。副词还可以告诉你你有多少东西。

List of Adverbs
副词表

Types of Adverb
副词类型

Adverbs of time, Adverbs of manner, Adverbs of degree, Adverbs of place, Adverbs of frequency
时间副词、方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、频率副词

The 5 Basic Types of Adverbs
副词的五种基本类型

Adverbs provide a deeper description of a verb within any sentence. There are five basic types of adverbs in the English language, namely that of Manner, Time, Place, Frequency, and Degree.
副词对任何句子中的动词都有更深层次的描述。英语副词有五种基本类型，即方式副词、时间副词、地点副词、频率副词和程度副词。

Here is a brief explanation of the meaning each has, along with example sentences using each type of adverb.
下面是对每种副词的意义的简要解释，以及使用每种副词的例句。

Adverb Examples
副词例句

Adverbs of Time
时间副词

An adverb of time provides more information about when a verb takes place. Adverbs of time are usually placed at the beginning or end of a sentence. When it is of particular importance to express the moment something happened we’ll put it at the start of a sentence.
时间副词提供了更多关于动词何时发生的信息。时间副词通常放在句子的开头或结尾。当表达某件事发生的时刻特别重要时，我们会把它放在句子的开头。

Examples of adverbs of time: never, lately, just, always, recently, during, yet, soon, sometimes, usually, so far
时间副词的例子：从不，最近，只是，总是，最近，在，然而，很快，有时，通常，到目前为止

So far, we have found twelve grammar mistakes.
时间副词的例子：从不，最近，只是，总是，最近，在，然而，很快，有时，通常，到目前为止

I haven’t been going to the gym lately.
我最近没去健身房。

We recently bought a new car.
我们最近买了一辆新车。

Adverbs of Place
地点状语

Adverbs of place illustrate where the verb is happening. It’s usually placed after the main verb or object, or at the end of the sentence. Examples of adverbs of place: here, there, nowhere, everywhere, out, in, above, below, inside, outside, into
位置副词说明动词在哪里发生。它通常放在主要动词或宾语之后，或在句子的末尾。地点副词的例子：这里，那里，哪里，到处，外面，里面，上面，下面，里面，外面，进入

We went into the cave, and there were bats everywhere!
我们进了山洞，到处都是蝙蝠！

One day when my dad wasn’t paying attention to where he was going, he walked into a wall.
有一天，当我爸爸不注意他要去哪里的时候，他走进了一堵墙。

There aren’t any Pokémon here, let’s look somewhere else.
这里没有神奇宝贝，我们去别的地方看看。

Adverbs of Manner
方式状语

Adverbs of manner provide more information about how a verb is done. Adverbs of manner are probably the most common of all adverbs. They’re easy to spot too. Most of them will end in –ly. Examples of adverbs of manner: neatly, slowly, quickly, sadly, calmly, politely, loudly, kindly, lazily
语气副词提供了更多关于动词如何做的信息。语气副词可能是所有副词中最常见的。它们也很容易被发现。他们中的大多数人最终都会死。语气副词的例子：整洁、缓慢、迅速、悲伤、平静、礼貌、大声、友善、懒惰

The young soldier folded his clothes neatly in a pile at the end of his bunk.
年轻的士兵把衣服整齐地叠成一堆放在床头。

I politely opened the door for my grandmother as she stepped out of the car.
奶奶下车时，我礼貌地为她开门。

A fat orange and white cat rested lazily on the sofa.
一只又肥又橙又白的猫懒洋洋地躺在沙发上。

Adverbs of Degree
程度副词

Adverbs of degree explain the level or intensity of a verb, adjective, or even another adverb. Example of adverbs of degree: almost, quite, nearly, too, enough, just, hardly, simply, so
程度副词解释一个动词、形容词甚至另一个副词的程度或强度。程度副词的例子：差不多，相当，差不多，太，够，只是，几乎，简单，所以

Can I come to the movies too?
我也能去看电影吗？

Aren’t you hungry? You’ve hardly touched your dinner.
你不饿吗？你几乎没碰过你的晚餐。

I’m so excited to see the new James Bond movie!
我很高兴看到新的詹姆斯邦德电影！

Adverbs of Frequency
频度副词

Adverbs of frequency explain how often the verb occurs. They’re often placed directly before the main verb of a sentence. Examples of adverbs of frequency: never, always, rarely, sometimes, normally, seldom, usually, again
频率副词解释动词出现的频率。它们通常直接放在句子的主要动词之前。频率副词的例子：从不，总是，很少，有时，通常，很少，通常，再次

I rarely eat fast food these days.
这些天我很少吃快餐。

Tom usually takes his dog for a walk before breakfast.
汤姆通常在早饭前带狗散步。

They always go to the same restaurant every Friday.
他们每周五总是去同一家餐馆。

Conjunctive Adverb
连接性副词

A conjunctive adverb is a type of adverb that joins two independent sentences or clauses of any kind. This type of adverb is used to connect two parts into one longer sentence. These parts can be whole sentences that need to be connected into one longer sentence or smaller clauses that need to be connected as well. Adverbs usually modify one verb, but conjunctive adverbs modify entire sentences because they connect larger parts than just one word. Conjunctive adverbs are used to join together parts in order to form a larger thought. This means that the final sentence explains more than the two smaller ones would if they were still divided.
连词副词是连接两个独立的句子或任何类型的从句的副词。这类副词用来把两部分连成一个较长的句子。这些部分可以是需要连成一个较长句子的完整句子，也可以是需要连成一个较小句子的小句子。副词通常修饰一个动词，而连词副词修饰整个句子是因为它们连接的部分比一个词大。连词副词是用来连接各部分，以便形成一个更大的思想。这意味着，如果两个较小的句子仍然是分开的，那么最后一句解释的就比这两个小句子解释的要多。

Conjunctive adverbs serve different functions, such as:
连词副词有不同的功能，例如：

addition, comparison, concession, contrast, emphasis, summarize, illustrate a point, or signify time.
添加、比较、让步、对比、强调、总结、说明某一点或表示时间。

Conjunctive adverbs are used to connect ideas, and to form larger thoughts with longer sentences. These sentences are divided by a semicolon (;).
连词副词用来连接思想，并用较长的句子形成较大的思想。这些句子用分号（；）分隔。

Here are some notable examples:
以下是一些值得注意的例子：

I wanted to go have ice cream after work; however, my friend wanted something else.
下班后我想去吃冰激凌，但是我的朋友想要别的东西。

He had studies all day and night; nevertheless, it wasn’t enough to pass the test.
他整日整夜地学习，然而，这还不足以通过考试。

It was never going to work between us; therefore, we decided to go our separate ways.
这在我们之间是行不通的，因此，我们决定分道扬镳。

I had to work the whole weekend; in addition, there was also another contract from a month ago I had to deal with.
我整个周末都要工作；此外，还有一份一个月前的合同要处理。

If you decide to start a diet you will see the improvement in your life soon; for instance, you’ll have more energy during the day.
如果你决定开始节食，你很快就会看到生活的改善；例如，白天你会有更多的精力。

She was driving home from her friend’s place; meanwhile, her husband was busy preparing her a surprise.
她正从朋友家开车回家；与此同时，她丈夫正忙着给她准备一个惊喜。

Adverb Clause
副词从句

Usually, an adverb is just one word which modifies or describes, a verb. An adverb clause, on the other hand, is an entire clause which functions as an adverb. This clause is a group of words, or an entire sentence, which modifies a verb. One adverb adds some detail to the verb. An adverb clause adds more detail to the verb and describes precisely. An adverb clause can answer questions like:
副词通常只是修饰或描述动词的一个词。另一方面，副词从句又是一个充当副词的完整从句。这个从句是一组词或一整句话，用来修饰动词。一个副词给动词增加了一些细节。副词从句给动词增加了更多的细节，并且描述得很精确。副词从句可以回答如下问题：

How? What? When? Where? How much? And others.
怎样？什么？什么时候？哪里？多少钱？还有其他。

Like any clause, an adverb clause has to have a subject and predicate in order to be complete. An adverb clause can appear in the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence. The adverb clause is always divided by a comma if it’s in the beginning or middle of the sentence.
与任何从句一样，副词从句必须有主语和谓语才能完整。副词从句可以出现在句子的开头、中间或结尾。副词从句如果在句首或句中，总是用逗号分隔。

Since I work from home, I don’t have to eat in restaurants often.
因为我在家工作，所以不必经常去餐馆吃饭。

The adverb phrase is in the first sentence. The subject is “I” and the predicate “work,” so the clause is complete. This adverb clause answers the question: where?
副词短语在第一句中。主语是“I”，谓语是“work”，所以从句是完整的。这个副词从句回答了一个问题：在哪里？

Whether you like it or not, you have to pay taxes.
不管你喜不喜欢，你都得交税。

Here the subject is “you” and the predicate is “like it or not.” There are different ways to form an adverb clause. This adverb clause answers the questions: how? and why?
这里的主语是“你”，谓语是“喜不喜欢”。副词从句的构成方式有很多种。这个副词从句回答的问题是：怎么做？为什么呢？

Whales, although they are large, don’t eat anything but plankton.
鲸鱼虽然很大，但只吃浮游生物。

This adverb phrase is in the middle of the sentence, and it’s divided by commas. The subject is “they” and the predicate is “are large.” This adverb clause answers the question: how? (big are they / do they look)
这个副词短语在句子的中间，用逗号隔开。主语是“他们”，谓语是“很大”，这个副词从句回答了一个问题：怎么做？（他们看起来很大吗）

Because he missed the first bus he ran like his life depended on it.
因为他错过了第一班车，所以他跑得像命悬一线似的。

Since the adverb phrase is at the end of the sentence is does not always need to be divided with a comma. The subject is “he” and the predicate “ran.” This adverb clause answers the questions: how? and why?
因为副词短语是在句子的末尾，所以不一定要用逗号分隔。主语是“他”，谓语是“然”，这个副词从句回答的问题是：怎么做？为什么呢？

I’m going to look for a new job when I get back from my trip.
我旅行回来后要找一份新工作。

Here the subject is “I” and the predicate is “get back.” This adverb clause answers the question: when?
这里的主语是“I”，谓语是“get back”。这个副词从句回答了这个问题：什么时候？

Adverb Phrase
副词短语

An adverb phrase is a group of words that function as an adverb. Unlike the adverb clause, an adverb phrase does not need a subject and predicate. An adverb phrase is two or more words that modify the verb. Adverb phrases are used to describe the verb in more detail than just one adverb would. Since they are composed of more than one word they can answer a different set of questions. Adverb phrases often answer the questions:
副词短语是一组起副词作用的词。与副词从句不同，副词短语不需要主语和谓语。副词短语是修饰动词的两个或多个词。副词短语比一个副词更详细地描述动词。因为它们由多个单词组成，所以它们可以回答一组不同的问题。副词短语通常回答下列问题：

How? Where? Why? and When?
怎样？哪里？为什么？什么时候？

These questions need more than one adverb to be answered completely. An adverb phrase can appear anywhere in the sentence, and they don’t need to be divided by commas.
这些问题需要不止一个副词才能完全回答。副词短语可以出现在句子的任何地方，不需要用逗号分隔。

They are, however, mostly at the end of the sentence, and sometimes the beginning.
然而，它们大多在句子的结尾，有时是开头。

Because the boss is late the meeting will start later than usual.
因为老板迟到了，会议将比平时开始得晚。

This adverb phrase is used to answer the question: when? It is at the end of the sentence and gives more details about why the meeting is not happening when it usually does.
这个副词用来回答这个问题：什么时候？它在句子的末尾，给出了会议通常不举行的原因的更多细节。

Like in every fairy tale they must kiss before sunset to break the curse.
就像在每一个童话故事中，他们必须在日落前亲吻来打破诅咒。

This adverb phrase also answers the question: when? Here it describes the exact time when something must happen.
这个副词短语也回答了这个问题：什么时候？在这里它描述了必须发生某事的确切时间。

Put the flowers on the kitchen table.
把花放在厨房的桌子上。

This adverb phrase answers the question: where? The person speaking wants the flowers to be put at a specific place.
这个副词短语回答了一个问题：在哪里？说话的人想把花放在一个特定的地方。

We used to have a holiday house right by the beach.
我们过去在海边有一个度假屋。

Here it is also answering the questions: where? It describes specifically where the house is, and how close to the beach it actually is.
这里它也回答了问题：在哪里？它具体描述了房子在哪里，以及离海滩有多近。

There were so many cars that they were moving frustratingly slowly.
车太多了，走得慢得令人沮丧。

This adverb phrase answered the question: how? It describes how slow the cars were going, and how the person feels about it. They are frustrated because of how slow they are going.
这个副词短语回答了一个问题：怎么做？它描述了汽车行驶的速度，以及人们的感受。他们因进展缓慢而沮丧。

She always completes her tasks without care.
她总是毫不在意地完成任务。

The question answered is: how? It describes how careless the person is when completing her tasks.
答案是：怎么做？它描述了一个人完成任务时的粗心。

To understand better how to do the job she read some books.
为了更好地理解如何做这项工作，她读了一些书。

This adverb phrase is at the beginning of the sentence and answered the question: why? It describes why the person has to read some books.
这个副词短语在句子的开头，回答了一个问题：为什么？它描述了人们为什么要读一些书。

He went online and searched all day for more information.
他上网找了一整天的资料。

The question answered is: why? Here it describes why the person went online and had to search all day. Because they need more information they need to complete the search.
答案是：为什么？在这里，它描述了为什么这个人上网一整天都要搜索。因为他们需要更多的信息来完成搜索。

Adverb vs Adjective
副词vs形容词

ADJECTIVES describe THINGS
形容词描述事物

report this ad
报告此广告

a beach, a jacuzzi, a cocktail, the weather, an idea, sunglasses, your iPad, your flip-flops
海滩、按摩浴缸、鸡尾酒、天气、创意、太阳镜、iPad、人字拖

a girl in English class, your upstairs neighbours, Beyoncé, Ryan Gosling, your mother-in-law, Dracula
英语课上的一个女孩，你楼上的邻居，碧昂丝，瑞安·戈斯林，你岳母，德古拉

This jacuzzi is really uncomfortable. Beyoncé is so ambitious. Dracula was an affectionate man. Ryan Gosling is a spiritual person.
这个按摩浴缸真的很不舒服。碧昂丝雄心勃勃。德古拉是个深情的人。瑞安·戈斯林是个有灵性的人。

Her sunglasses are insane. My upstairs neighbours are really energetic. It’s prohibited to burn tyres on thisbeach. Your iPad is so old-fashioned.
她的太阳镜太疯狂了。我楼上的邻居真是精力充沛。禁止在这个海滩上烧轮胎。你的iPad太过时了。

My flip-flops are cute. Your mother-in-law is so upbeat. I met a magical girl in English class. That wasn’t a very good idea.
我的人字拖很可爱。你岳母是如此乐观。我在英语课上遇到了一个神奇的女孩。那不是个好主意。

ADVERBS describe EVERYTHING ELSE
副词形容一切

verbs: sing, laugh, complain
动词：唱，笑，抱怨

adjectives: prohibited, cute, upbeat
形容词：禁止，可爱，乐观

Beyoncé sings loudly./Dracula laughed dramatically behind the curtain./I complain about my upstairs neighbours daily./It’s strictly prohibited to burn tyres on this beach. ./My flip-flops are absolutely cute./ Your mother-in-law is incredibly upbeat.
碧昂丝唱得很大声。/德古拉在窗帘后面戏剧性地笑了。/我每天都抱怨楼上的邻居。/这海滩上严禁烧轮胎。/我的人字拖绝对可爱。/你岳母非常乐观。

ADVERBS can even describe OTHER ADVERBS
副词甚至可以形容其他副词

Beyoncé sings really loudly./She can sing incredibly beautifully./In Dracula’s castle, people disappeared surprisingly quickly.
碧昂丝唱得非常大声。/她唱得非常漂亮。/在德古拉的城堡里，人们出奇地迅速消失了。

adverb vs adjective
副词vs形容词

Adverbs of Frequency
频度副词

What is an adverb of frequency?
什么是频率副词？

Adverb of frequency is a word that tells us how frequently or how often something happens.
频率副词是一个告诉我们某事发生的频率或频率的词。

I always eat breakfast in the morning, even when I am late for work.
我总是在早上吃早餐，即使我上班迟到了。

1. List of the most common adverbs of frequency:
一. 最常见的频率副词列表：

always/usually/sometimes/never/occasionally/rarely/seldom/frequently/often/regularly/hardly ever
总是/通常/有时/从不/偶尔/很少/很少/经常/经常/经常/很少

2. Position in a sentence
句中位置

a) We usually put the adverbs of frequency in the middle of the sentence, between the subject and the verb, but after auxiliary verbs:
我们通常把频率副词放在句子的中间，主语和动词之间，但在助动动词之后：

I often go to the beach. He sometimes visits his grandma. They usually drink coffee in the mornings. I hardly ever help my mom in the kitchen.
我经常去海滩。他有时去看望他的奶奶。他们通常早上喝咖啡。我几乎从不在厨房帮助我妈妈。

b) Auxiliary verbs:
b）辅助动词：

He is usually very happy. We are always helping the children at school. I have never done anything bad. She is always cooking pasta.
他通常很高兴。我们总是在学校帮助孩子们。我从来没有做过坏事。她总是做意大利面。

NOTE: the verbs have, has, and had are auxiliary verbs only when used with past participle:
注意：动词有、有、有，只有在与过去分词连用时才是助动词。

I have never eaten a snake./She has never tried coconut water./But has, have, and had are normal verbs when they are not used with past participle:
我从来没有吃过蛇。/她从来没有喝过椰子水。/但是has、have和had是不与过去分词连用的普通动词：

I always have my lunch at school. He seldom has English classes. We often had dinner late at night in college.
我总是在学校吃午饭。他很少上英语课。我们在大学经常在深夜吃晚饭。

c) We can put occasionally, frequently, usually, often and sometimes in the beginning of the sentence in order to make it stronger. However, other adverbs do not sound good in the beginning of the sentence:
c） 我们可以偶尔，经常，通常，经常，有时把它放在句子的开头，以便使它更有力。但是，其他副词在句首听起来并不好：

Occasionally, I go to the beach. Sometimes he visits his grandma. Usually, they drink coffee in the mornings. Always I go to the beach.
偶尔，我去海滩。有时他去看望他的奶奶。通常，他们早上喝咖啡。我总是去海滩。

INCORRECT
不正确的

I always go to the beach.  CORRECT
我总是去海滩。正确

Often, I go to the beach. INCORRECT
我经常去海滩。不正确

I often go to the beach. CORRECT
我经常去海滩。对的

NOTE: the verbs do, does, and did are auxiliary verbs only when they are used in questions or negatives:
注：动词、do、does 只有在疑问句或否定句中使用时才是助动词。

Do you often go to the cinema? /He doesn’t always eat grapes.
你经常去看电影吗？/他不总是吃葡萄。

In other cases, do, does and did are normal verbs:
在其他情况下，do、do和did是正常动词：

She never sleeps at home. They rarely did their chores.
她从不在家睡觉。他们很少做家务。

If the auxiliary verb is negative the adverb of frequency might go before or after it:
如果辅助动词是否定的，则副词的频率可以在其之前或之后进行：

He doesn’t usually cook at home. /He usually doesn’t cook at home./They don’t often go to the cinema./They often don’t go to the cinema.
他通常不在家做饭。/他通常不在家做饭。/他们不经常去电影院。/他们经常不去电影院。

BUT:
但是：

We aren’t always late for work.
我们上班并不总是迟到。

We always aren’t late for work. INCORRECT (say ‘We are never late for work’)
我们上班总是不迟到。不正确（说“我们上班从不迟到”）

e) In the question, we put the adverbs of frequency before the main verb:
e） 在这个问题中，我们把频率副词放在主要动词之前：

Do you often go to the beach?/Do you sometimes visit your grandma?
你经常去海滩吗？/你有时去看望你奶奶吗？

BUT:
但是：

Is she always late for soccer practice?/Are they usually so grumpy?/I hope you find this information useful.
她练足球总是迟到吗？/他们通常这么暴躁吗？/我希望你觉得这些信息有用。

Adverbs of Time
时间副词

Always/Already/Annually/Before/Constantly/Daily/Early/Earlier/Eventually/Ever/Frequently/Finally/First/Formerly/Fortnightly/Generally/Hourly/Immediately/Infrequently/Just/Last/Late/Later/Lately/Monthly/Not until/Now/Normally/Never/Next/Often/Occasionally/Previously/Quarterly/Rarely/Regularly/Recently/Seldom/Sometimes/Since/Soon/Still/Then/Today/Tomorrow/Tonight/Yesterday/Usually/Yet/Weekly/Yearly
总是/已经/每年/以前/经常/每天/早/早/最终/经常/最后/第一/以前/两周/一般/每小时/立即/不经常/刚刚/最后/晚/以后/最近/每月/不直到/现在/通常/从不/下一次/经常/偶尔/以前/季度/很少/经常/最近/很少/有时/自/不久/静止/然后/今天/明天/今晚/昨天/通常/现在/每周/每年

Adverb -LY
副词ly

Adverbs of Quantity
数量副词

Adverbs can tell you how something is done, for example, speak nicely or work hard. Adverbs can also tell you how much or how many of something you have.
副词可以告诉你事情是怎么做的，例如，说得好或者努力工作。副词还可以告诉你你有多少东西。

Every noun is either countable (cat- cats, dog- dogs, elf- elves, fairy- fairies etc.) or uncountable (time, information, magic, happiness, witchcraft etc.) and this is something you need to consider when choosing an adverb to go together with a noun.
每个名词要么是可数的（猫-猫，狗-狗，精灵-精灵，仙女等），要么是不可数的（时间，信息，魔法，幸福，巫术等），这是你在选择副词和名词搭配时需要考虑的。

COUNTABLE NOUNS
可数名词

With countable nouns, you may use the following adverbs:
对于可数名词，可以使用下列副词：

MANY / MORE
很多/更多

My neighbour has many cats and she wants more.
我的邻居养了很多猫，她想要更多。

A LOT / LOTS
很多

I want a lof of dogs and I want lots of cats too!
我想要很多狗，我也想要很多猫！

FEW / FEWER
少/更少

There are just a few fairies left in the forest and soon there will be fewer.
森林里只剩下几个仙女，很快就会少了。

 

TOO MANY / TOO FEW
太多/太少

There are not too many fairies left and there are too few elves.
仙女不多了，精灵也不多了。

(NOT) ENOUGH
不够

You can’t have enough cats!
你不能有足够的猫！

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
不可数名词

MUCH / MORE
多/更多

I haven’t got much time to spend with my dogs. I need more free time.
我没有多少时间和我的狗在一起。我需要更多的空闲时间。

A LOT / LOTS
很多

There’s a lot of magic in this forest and lots of witchcraft.
森林里有很多魔法和巫术。

LITTLE / LESS
少/更少

I have little information on witches and even less on dragons.
我几乎没有巫师的资料，更没有龙的资料。

TOO MUCH / TOO LITTLE
太多、太少

You spend too much time with your dogs and too little with your friends.
你花在狗身上的时间太多，花在朋友身上的时间太少。

(NOT) ENOUGH
（不）足够

That’s enough happiness for a lifetime.
这就够幸福一辈子了。

You can also use adverbs to describe the degree to which something is. These adverbs may be used BEFORE ADJECTIVES (powerful, friendly, kind, crazy, rude, scary, dark etc.)
你也可以用副词来形容某物的程度。这些副词可以用在形容词（有力的、友好的、善良的、疯狂的、粗鲁的、可怕的、黑暗的等）之前

TOO
太

This spell is too powerful, don’t use it indoors.
这个咒语太强大了，不要在室内使用。

SO
因此

It’s so powerful, it can turn a hundred people into frogs.
它是如此强大，能把一百个人变成青蛙。

A LITTLE (BIT)
一点点

Be careful with that cat lady. She’s a little bit crazy.
小心那个猫女。她有点疯狂。

ENOUGH (comes after the adjective)
够了（在形容词之后）

She’s a nice person, she’s just not friendly enough.
她是个好人，只是不够友好。

(NOT) VERY
（不是）非常

I would say she’s very rude.
我认为她很粗鲁。

QUITE
相当地

This forest is quite scary.
这片森林很可怕。

RATHER
相当

That dragon is rather scary, too.
那条龙也相当可怕。

PRETTY
非常

It’s pretty dark in here.
这里很黑。

Noun + Adverb Examples
名词+副词示例

Hanger on: is a person who attaches themselves to another person or a group for the sole purpose of trying to gain something from that person or group. What the person gains can be anything that they see as advantageous. It can be something as small as attention and as large as financial gain. People in a position of fame or power often have or are exposed to people who hang on to them.
挂靠：是一个人把自己附在另一个人或一个团体上，唯一的目的是想从这个人或团体那里得到一些东西。一个人所得到的可能是他们认为有利的任何东西。它可以是小到关注，大到财务收益。处于名望或权力地位的人经常接触或接触到那些依附他们的人。

There were many hangers on at the concert tonight./Unlike those hangers on, I’ve been friends with her since we were kids, and I want nothing from her.
今晚的音乐会上有很多听众。/不像那些听众，我从小就是她的朋友，我不想从她那里得到任何东西。

Passerby: is simply a person who is going by something. This word is usually used to describe someone who is walking. The person may be walking by something of significance, or they could just be walking by a restaurant.
路人：就是一个路过某物的人。这个词通常用来形容走路的人。这个人可能正走过一些重要的东西，或者他们可能只是走过一家餐馆。

We love to watch all the passersby as we eat our lunch near the window.
我们喜欢看着所有的过路人在窗边吃午饭。

A random passerby was a witness to the crime.
一个偶然路过的人是这起犯罪的目击者。

Overcoat: is a long warm coat, that is worn in colder months over fall or winter clothes.
大衣：是一种温暖的长外套，在寒冷的季节穿在秋冬季的衣服上

I’m going to the store to shop for a new overcoat for the winter./She wore a beautiful bright red overcoat.
我要去商店买一件冬天穿的新大衣。/她穿了一件漂亮的鲜红色大衣。

Overcoat can also refer to the top layer of paint. It’s usually a clear layer of paint that is used to protect other paint colors.
大衣也可以指顶层油漆。它通常是一层透明的油漆，用来保护其他油漆颜色。

As soon as we put on the overcoat we’re all done painting  the house./Wow, you made a beautiful painting, make sure you put an overcoat layer on it to protect it.
我们一穿上大衣，房子就都粉刷完了。/哇，你画了一幅漂亮的画，一定要在上面涂一层大衣来保护它。

Afterthought: is something that is thought of later, or it can be something that is added later. What is forgotten could be a thought or a thing, or even a person. It can be anything that someone thinks of later or after the fact.
事后思考：是后来才想到的东西，也可以是后来才加上去的东西。被遗忘的可能是一种思想或事物，甚至是一个人。它可以是任何有人后来或事后想到的东西。

We didn’t actually plan to invite him to the birthday party, the invitation was an afterthought./We got to the store and then at the last minute decided to get a cake, it was an afterthought.
其实我们并没有打算邀请他参加生日聚会，邀请只是事后的考虑。/我们到了商店，然后在最后一分钟决定买一个蛋糕，这是事后的考虑

Undertone: refers to a feeling or quality that is underneath the surface. For example a family may seem happy and perfect, but you can tell that there’s something negative or unhappy underneath the surface that they don’t talk about publicly. That negative covert feeling is an undertone.
弦外之音：指在表面之下的感觉或品质。例如，一个家庭可能看起来很幸福和完美，但你可以看出，在表面之下有些消极或不快乐的东西，他们不会公开谈论。那种消极的隐秘感觉是一种弦外之音。

Even Though she was always smiling, there was a sad undertone, and you could tell she missed her sister./Despite all of the arguing there was a clear undertone of love between the couple.
尽管她总是微笑，但还是有一种悲伤的语气，你可以看出她想念她的妹妹。/尽管争吵不休，这对夫妇之间还是有一种明显的爱的语气。

An undertone can also be a muted or quiet sound or color. As a sound it could be murmuring or whispers. As a color, an undertone is simply a non bright or vibrant color.
undertone也可以是指低声或静音的声音或颜色。作为一种声音，它可以是低语或低语。作为一种颜色，底色只是一种不明亮或充满活力的颜色。

When he walked into the room, he could hear the other students talking in undertones./I don’t want the color to be too bright, maybe a pink undertone.
当他走进教室时，他能听到其他学生在低声说话。/我不想颜色太亮，也许是粉红色的底色。

Foresight: refers to the ability to predict or anticipate the future. Foresight does not refer to being psychic or making psychic predictions. It refers to someone being able to anticipate someone’s needs or something that’s going to happen based on research or preparation. For example an assistant that can predict his or her boss’ needs has foresight.
远见：指预测或预测未来的能力。远见卓识不是指通灵或作出通灵预测。它指的是某人能够根据研究或准备预测某人的需要或将要发生的事情。例如，一个能预测老板需求的助手就有远见。

Part of what makes her so great at her job is her foresight./A good CEO must have foresight, especially during turbulent times.
使她在工作中如此出色的部分原因是她的远见。/一个好的首席执行官必须有远见，尤其是在动荡时期。

Overload: refers to someone or an organization being overwhelmed or having too much going on and it is becoming a burden. It can refer to a mental burden, or it can refer to there physically being too much weight.
超载：指某人或某个组织被压得喘不过气来，或有太多的事情要做，而这正成为一种负担。它可以指精神负担，也可以指身体太重。

He felt overloaded by all of the work that he had to get done by Friday./The truck was overloaded and the trucker had to remove some of his cargo in order to meet the weight limits requirement.
他觉得星期五之前要完成的所有工作都让他超负荷了。/卡车超载了，卡车司机不得不卸下一些货物，以满足重量限制的要求。

Outpatient: is a medical patient that is not treated in a hospital, but at their home or at a different facility. Sometimes a patient will have a procedure and then will be sent home to recover. The doctor will still check to see that their recovery is going as scheduled, or they may be visited by a nurse, but they will not have to stay overnight at the hospital. This is an outpatient.
门诊病人：不在医院接受治疗，而是在家里或其他机构接受治疗的医疗病人。有时病人会做手术，然后被送回家康复。医生仍然会检查他们的恢复是否如期进行，或者他们可能会被护士看望，但他们不必在医院过夜。这是门诊部。

After surgery, you will spend 2 days in the hospital and if everything goes well, you will be treated as an outpatient./Having the care of a nurse allows him to be able to be cared for as an outpatient.
手术后，你将在医院呆两天，如果一切顺利，你将被作为门诊病人治疗。/有护士的照顾，他可以作为门诊病人来照顾。

Adverb Placement
地点副词

Using adverbs in a sentence is quite flexible, still it is not entirely our choice where we place them; there are some general rules that we should follow.
在句子中使用副词是很灵活的，但我们把它们放在哪里并不完全是我们的选择；还有一些我们应该遵循的一般规则。

For example, adverbs are not usually put between a verb and its object. The typical word order is this:
例如，副词通常不放在动词和宾语之间。典型的词序是：

adverb + verb + object: We often visit museums.
副词+动词+宾语：我们经常参观博物馆。

verb + object + adverb: She speaks English well.
动词+宾语+副词：她英语说得很好。

In the verb + preposition + object structure the adverb can go either before the preposition or after the object:
在动词+介词+宾语结构中，副词可以在介词之前或宾语之后：

She looked at me suspiciously./She looked suspiciously at me.
她怀疑地看着我。/她怀疑地看着我。

But if the object contains several words, the adverb goes before the preposition:
但如果宾语包含几个词，副词在介词之前：

She looked suspiciously at everybody in the room.
她怀疑地看着房间里的每个人。

Connecting adverbs (which join clauses, e.g. then, next, besides, still, anyway, suddenly, however, consequently) and comment adverbs (e.g. fortunately, surprisingly) can go in front position:
连接副词（连接从句，例如then，next，adde，still，anyway，summent，however，resulture）和注释副词（例如幸运的是，出人意料的是）可以放在前面：

However, the plan wasn’t fully discussed./He worked until six o’clock. Then he left the office./Next, I’m going to speak about the advantages of the plan./Suddenly there was a loud noise./Fortunately, we could take a bus to the village.
然而，这个计划没有得到充分讨论。/他一直工作到六点钟。然后他离开了办公室。/接下来，我要谈谈这个计划的好处。/突然有一声巨响。/幸运的是，我们可以坐公共汽车去村子。

Adverbs of indefinite frequency (e.g. always, often, usually, rarely, sometimes, never, normally, generally, occasionally) and adverbs of certainty (e.g. surely, definitely, certainly, probably, perhaps) usually go in mid-position:
频率不定的副词（例如总是，经常，通常，很少，有时，从不，通常，一般，偶尔）和确定副词（例如肯定，肯定，肯定，可能，也许）通常处于中间位置：

My father often travels to France./We rarely go out on Mondays./Her brother has never flown an airplane./I’ve definitely decided to leave this town./She will probably be absent at the meeting./The party has obviously been cancelled.
我父亲经常去法国旅行。/我们很少在星期一出去。/她哥哥从来没有坐过飞机。/我已经决定离开这个镇。/她可能会缺席会议。/聚会显然取消了。

Adverbs of indefinite frequency can also go in end position if they are the main focus of the message (but mid-position is more typical):
频率不定的副词如果是信息的主要焦点，也可以在结尾位置（但中间位置更典型）：

We see our cousins quite often./She is very nervous sometimes./They eat out occasionally.
我们经常见到我们的表亲。/她有时很紧张。/他们偶尔出去吃饭。

Adverbs of certainty like maybe and perhaps typically take front position:
确定性副词，例如may，也许，通常放在前面：

Perhaps they can’t find the way to the village./Maybe you’re right, or maybe not.
也许他们找不到去村子的路。/也许你是对的，也许不是。

Adverbs of manner (saying how the action happens), place (where) and time (when) most often go in end position:
方式副词（表示动作如何发生）、地点（地点）和时间（时间）最常出现在结束位置：

The secretary read the letter slowly./He answered all the questions correctly./My sister is sleeping in her room upstairs./Did you phone her last night?/We arrived at the station at ten.
秘书慢慢地读了信。/他答对了所有的问题。/我妹妹睡在楼上的房间里。/你昨晚给她打电话了吗？/我们十点钟到达车站。

Time adverbs (especially the ones that are frequently used like tomorrow, yesterday, this month, every week, soon, etc.) can also go in front position, especially if the adverb is not the main focus of the sentence:
时间副词（特别是常用的如明天、昨天、本月、每周、不久等）也可以放在前面，特别是副词不是句子的主要焦点时：

Tomorrow we’ve got a meeting with the general manager./This week I’m staying with my uncle in the country./Soon you’ll see a church, take the second street behind it.
明天我们要和总经理开会。/这周我要和我叔叔住在乡下。/很快你就会看到一个教堂，走它后面的第二条街。

Place adverbs most often go in end position, but front position is also possible (though not very typical):
位置副词最常出现在结尾位置，但也可能出现在前面位置（虽然不是很典型）：

At the end of the corridor there was a staircase./In this town they don’t have too many restaurants./Here we can stop.
在走廊的尽头有一个楼梯。/在这个镇上，他们没有太多的餐馆。/在这里我们可以停下来。

Adverbs in -ly can also go in mid-position:
ly副词也可以位于中间位置：

The train slowly crossed the bridge./He angrily shouted at the doorman./ They will possibly be late for the party./She suddenly ran out of the room./Would you kindly wait?
火车慢慢地过了桥。/他愤怒地对门卫喊道。/他们可能要迟到了。/她突然跑出房间。/你能等一下吗？

Emphasizing adverbs (e.g. very, extremely, terribly, just, almost, really, right) go directly before the words that they emphasise:[/en
强调副词（例如非常、非常、非常、非常、非常、非常、几乎、非常、正确）直接出现在强调的词之前：

[en]I knew she played the piano very well./We were extremely annoyed with his manners./I’m terribly sorry about last night./Let’s meet in front of the cinema just before seven./He kicked the ball almost over the building./I’m really sleepy now./The police officer walked right past us.

我知道她弹钢琴弹得很好。/我们对他的举止非常恼火。/我对昨晚的事感到非常抱歉。/我们七点前在电影院前碰头。/他把球踢过了大楼。/我现在真的很困。/警察从我们身边走过。

Please note that certain adverbs used at different places of the sentence can substantially change the meaning:
请注意，在句子的不同位置使用的某些副词会实质性地改变句子的意义：

Only I have fish and chips; nobody else has it./I only have fish and chips; I don’t have a drink./I have only fish and chips; I don’t have anything else./I have fish and chips only; I don’t have rice and peas.
只有我有鱼和薯条，其他人没有。/我只有鱼和薯条，我没有饮料。/我只有鱼和薯条，我没有其他东西。/我只有鱼和薯条，我没有米饭和豌豆。

In general, if there are more than one possibilities of placing an adverb in a sentence, you should always be aware of the possible changes in meaning:
一般来说，如果一个句子中有多个副词的可能性，你应该时刻注意可能的意义变化：

They secretly decided to leave the town. – Their decision was secret./They decided to leave the town secretly. – Their departure was to be secret.
他们秘密地决定离开这个城镇。–他们的决定是秘密的。/他们决定秘密离开小镇。他们的离开是秘密的。

Adverb JUST
副词Just

How to use ‘just’? Can you explain the meaning of this adverb?
如何使用“just”？你能解释一下这个副词的意思吗？

JUST (adverb)
仅仅（副词）

1. exactly
正是

This is just what I need./This place is just the way I imagined./That’s just enough.
这正是我需要的。/这地方正是我想象的那样。/这就足够了。

2. simply, only, no more than
2.只是，不超过

It was just another mistake./He’s just a friend./I met him just two days ago.
只是又一个错误。/他只是个朋友。/我两天前才认识他。

3. a short time ago
3.短时间以前

I’ve just received a phone call./They’ve just bought a new car./She’s just finished work.
我刚接到一个电话。/他们刚买了一辆新车。/她刚做完工作。

4. barely, by a narrow margin
四.几乎没有，差距很小

I just caught the train before it pulled out of the station./The bullet just missed him./He arrived just in time.
我刚赶上火车，火车才驶出车站。/子弹没击中他。/他来得正好。

Changes in the word order and meaning:
词序和词义的变化：

a, Just two weeks ago, Peter won a thousand pounds. (not more than two weeks ago)/b, Two weeks ago, just Peter won a thousand pounds. (no one else won, only him)/c, Two weeks ago, Peter won just a thousand pounds. (not more than a thousand pounds)
a、 就在两周前，彼得赢了一千英镑。（不超过两周前）/b两周前，彼得赢了一千英镑。（没有人赢，只有他赢）/c两周前，彼得只赢了一千英镑。（不超过一千磅）

adverb just
副词Just

Adverbs: IN the End – AT the End, Still – Yet, AT the Moment – Actually …
副词：在最后-在最后，仍然-但是，现在-实际上…

Where is the position of an adverb in question form and in negative form?
副词在疑问句和否定句中的位置在哪里？

I don’t clear the position of adverb of frequency-place in a sentence. I only know form
我不清楚频率副词在句子中的位置。我只知道形式

Subject +adverb + verb +object
主语+副词+动词+宾语

Ex: I always get up late.
例：我总是起得很晚。

Subject + verbe+ adverb +object
主语+动词+副词+宾语

Ex: He is usually happy.
他通常很快乐。

But, I don’t clear the place adverb. Where is the position of an adverb. In question form and In negative form.
但是，我不清楚这个地方副词。副词的位置在哪里。在疑问句和否定句中。

So, you go it write in positive sentences! Well done!
所以，你要用积极的句子去写！做得好！

Now, let’s take a look at negative and questions:
现在，让我们来看看负面因素和问题：

I don’t always get up late. He isn’t usually happy.
我不总是起得很晚。他通常不快乐。

So, as you can see, in the negative sentences the adverb of frequency comes right after the negative part (don’t/doesn’t/isn’t/aren’t)
所以，正如你所看到的，在否定句中，频率副词紧跟在否定部分之后（不要/不要/不是/不是/不是）

Now, questions:
现在，疑问句：

Do you always get up late? Is he usually happy?
你总是起得很晚吗？他通常快乐吗？

After the subject in questions
在问句中，在主语之后

I hope it’s clear now.
我希望现在一切都清楚了。

Is Correctly an adverb of manner?
是一个正确的方式副词吗？

An adverb of manner is an adverb, or a modifier of a verb, that tells us how something is done.
态度副词是一个副词，或动词的修饰语，它告诉我们事情是如何做的。

Common adverbs of manner are well, badly, gently, silly, and friendly.
常用的语气副词是好的，坏的，温和的，愚蠢的，友好的。

Because correctly describes the way that some action is completed, it can be an adverb of manner.
因为正确地描述了某个动作完成的方式，所以它可以是方式副词。

For example, in this sentence:
例如，在这句话中：

She correctly guessed that the interviewer was trying to test her.
她猜对了面试官是想测试她。

In this case, correctly describes the way that the subject of the sentence guessed.
在这种情况下，正确描述句子的主语猜测的方式。