difficulty, hardship

这两个名词都表示“困难”之意。

difficulty : 指需大量思考和技巧或努力才能克服的任何困难。

She has difficulty breathing.(她呼吸有困难。)

hardship : 侧重指生活上令人难以承受的艰难困苦,如疾病、贫穷等磨难。

He was willing to face any hardship in fulfillment of his duty.(他愿意面对任何困难去履行他的职责。)

die, decease, expire, perish, pass away

这些动词或短语动词均有“死”或“死亡”之意。

die : 最普通用词,指某人或某物失去生命而永远不存在。

He became very ill and then he died.(他病得很重, 接着就死了。)

decease : 正式用词,多指法律上的用语。

Upon his decease the house will pass to his wife.(他死后房屋归他太太所有。)

expire : 委婉用词。从本义“从肺部吐出气来”引申为吐出最后一口气,断气而死。

He expired at midnight.(他在午夜死去。)

perish : 书面用词,多指夭折或不幸暴亡。

Hundreds of sheep perished that year because of drought.(那年由于干旱, 几百头羊突然死去。)

pass away是die的委婉用语。

He passed away peacefully.(他安详地去世了。)

更多学习内容请看:英语专四常见词辨析系列>>>