(一)句子类型概述
句子的类型一共有三种:简单句、并列句和复合句。复合句中的宾语从句与状语从句是中考的重要考查内容。
宾语从句考点:(1)一连词的选择;(2)主句与从句时态的呼应;(3)宾语从句的语序问题;(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分。
状语从句考点:(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题;(2)连接词的选择(注意区别几组连接词:while/ as/ when引导时间状语从句;because/ since/as/for引导原因状语从句;if/unless引导条件状语从句;so... that/such...that引导结果状语从句等。

(二)基础知识梳理
1.简单句
只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如:
Neither Bruce nor Susan can speak French.
Mother bought a new schoolbag for me at the beginning of this term.

2.并列句
由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见的并列连词有and,but,or,so,for等。如:
Go straight on and you will find a toilet.
I would like to go with you, but I can't.
Hurry or you will be late.
She practices every day, so she plays the piano very well.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

3.复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是句子的主体,从句是句子的一个成分,不能独立使用。下面总结一下初中阶段的主要从句。
1)宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有以下几种形式:
(1)由that引导,只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,没有实际意义,可以省略。如:
We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.
He decided (that) he was not going to say anything about it
(2)由whether或if(是否)引导,只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,但不能省略。如:
No one knows whether/if they have decided on the date of the meeting.
(3)由连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导的宾语从句,这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外,还可在句中充当某个成分,不能省略。如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest subway station?
She told me what she had seen in the museum.
(4) 由it作形式宾语的从句。如:
I think it necessary that everybody should try his best to help fight pollution.
(5) 由形容词sorry, afraid, sure, glad等引出的宾语从句。如:
We were surprised that Peter was the first to come.
I am sure that you will be a success in the future.

2)状语从句
在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。常用状语从句有以下几种类型:
(1)由when, while, as, since, until, as soon as等连词引导的时间状语从句。如:
It's more than ten years since they came to Shanghai.
Please send me an E-mail as soon as you arrive in Switzerland.
(2)由if,unless等词引导的条件状语从句。如:
We shall go for a picnic if it doesn't rain tomorrow.
I won't buy the dress unless it fits me well.
(3) 由because, since, as, now that等词引导的原因状语从句。如:
He asked for leave because he had to see the dentist.
Now that everyone is here, shall we begin our discussion?
(4)由though/although引导的让步状语从句。如:
Although it was very late, he went on working.
(5)由so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句。如:
He ran as fast as he could so that the people in Athens could learn the news earlier.
(6)由so... that, such... that等词引导的结果状语从句。如:
He ran so quickly that we couldn't keep up with him.
The bus broke down, so we had to walk to the cinema.
English is such a useful language that it is spoken in many countries.
(7) 比较状语从句。常用的句型有as... as与more than结构。(参见形容词、副词一章)

3)定语从句
在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般直接跟在被修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词称为“先行词”。定语从句一般由关系代词who, whom, that, which引导,它位于先行词与定语从句之间,本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。如:
The boy  who/that is reading under the tree is my elder brother.
     先行词  关系代词作主语
The present which/that you gave me for my birthday is very nice.
        先行词      关系代词作宾语
(1) who和whom指人,who在从句中作主语,不能省略。而whom在从句中作宾语,一般可以省略。如:
The woman who will give us a talk tomorrow is a famous professor.
Do you know the girl (whom) we met outside the school gate?
(2) which指物,在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如:
The story which tells about three monkeys is very interesting.
The magazine (which) I borrowed from the library was newly published.
(3) that指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如:
The pictures that hang on the back wall were all painted by her.
The restaurants (that) they have set up are welcomed by children.
(4)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词all, everything, nothing等以及only修饰时,关系代词必须用that。如:
All that we need is fresh water.
I'll never forget the first job that I found.
Judy is the most honest girl that I have ever seen.