一、被动语态考点聚焦
  (一)被动语态的概念:
  不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
  (二)被动语态的构成方式:
  be + 过去分词,口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。
  (三)被动语态的基本用法:
  (1)使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
  ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
  My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday。
  An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday。
  I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday。
  ②主动变被动时,宾补成主补(位置不变);(作补语的)不定式前需加to。
  The boss made him work all day long。
  He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
  ③短语动词变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。
  The children were taken good care of (by her)。
  Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to。
  ④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
  ⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(A)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主补。(B)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
  People say he is a smart boy。
  It is said that he is a smart boy。
  He is said to be a smart boy。
  People know paper was made in China first。
  It is known that paper was made in China first。
  Paper was known to be made in China first。
  类似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
  (2)不能用被动语态的几种情况。
  ①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
  ②表示状态的谓语动词,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
  ③表示归属的动词,如have、own、belong to等。
  ④表示“希望、意图”的动词,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
  ⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
  ⑥宾语是同源宾语,不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
  ⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义,特别是当主语是物时,常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
  (3)主动形式表被动意义。
  ①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时;当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
  This kind of cloth washes easily。这种布易洗。
  These novels won’t sell well。这些小说不畅销。
  My pen writes smoothly。我的钢笔写起来很流畅。
  The door won’t lock。门锁不上。
  The fish smells good。鱼闻起来香。
  ②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
  The plan worked out successfully。
  The lamps on the wall turn off。
  ③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
  ④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
  ⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中,不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语,用主动代被动。
  This kind of water isn’t fit to drink。
  The girl isn’t easy to get along with。
  另外:be to blame(受谴责),be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。
  (4)被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
  ①be seated坐着
  He is seated on a bench。(He seats himself on a bench。)坐在凳子上。
  ②be hidden躲藏
  He was hidden behind the door。(He hid himself behind the door。)他藏在门后。
  ③be lost迷路
  ④be drunk喝醉
  ⑤be dressed穿着
  The girl was dressed in a red short skirt。
  (5)被动语态与系表结构的区别
  被动语态强调动作;系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如:
  The book was sold by a certain bookstore。(被动语态)
  The book is well sold。(系表结构)