语言测试的最后一种类型！（今天的听写时间较短，请大家认真听写哦！专八考试离我们不远了呢！）

Hint:

TOEFL 托福考试（美国）

Lastly, proficiency. The aim of a proficiency test is to assess the student's ability to apply in actual situations what he has learned. It seeks to answer the question: "Having learned this much, what can the student do with it?" This type of test is not usually related to any particular course, because it is concerned with the student's current standing in relation to his future needs. Efforts must be made to use in the tests the kind of language which actually occurs in the situation the student will meet. For example, a test which sets out to assess the proficiency of a student hoping to follow a university course in an English-speaking country would need to take into account not only his level of skill in listening to lectures, but also his ability to take notes, to make full use of what is gained from the lecture in his subsequent writing. An important element in proficiency testing is to assess in some way the student's ability to repair breakdowns in communication, by asking for a repetition or an explanation, for example, or by rephrasing what he has just tried to say. A rather typical example of a standardized proficiency test is the Test of English as a Foreign Language or TOEFL. It is used by nearly 1,000 institutions of higher education in the United States as an indicator of a prospective student's ability to undertake academic work in English.
最后一种类型：熟练程度测试。这种测试的目的是评估学生把所学知识应用到实际情况中的能力。它回答了这个问题：学了这么多，学生要如何运用这些知识？这种测试类型通常与特定的课程没有联系，因为它涉及的是学生的现状与未来需求的联系。这种语言测试所做出的努力是语言在学生遇到的实际情况下的运用。例如，设置这种测试去评估学生语言的熟悉程度，这些学生希望在英语国家的大学中学习，那么，要考虑的不仅仅是他听讲座的技巧和能力，还有他记笔记，以及把他在讲座中学到的知识充分运用到他接下来的写作的能力。熟练程度测试有一个重要因素，就是用某些方法来评估学生修复沟通失败的能力，比如：通过要求重复、解释，或者通过更换措辞重新讲述自己刚刚试图表达的话。 标准熟练程度测试的非常典型的例子就是检定非英语为母语者的英语能力考试，或称托福考试。该考试被美国近一千所高等院校运用，作为学生能力的指标，检测其未来用英语修习学术课程的能力。