1. Make Connections 建立联系

What connections do I make as I read?
我在阅读的时候能建立怎样的联系?

Good readers notice pieces of text that relate to or remind them of:
好的读者会注意到相互联系或是会让他们做出联想的文章:

Their lives, past experiences, and prior knowledge
他们的生活,过去的经历,先前的知识

Other books, articles, movies, songs, or pieces of writing
其他的书籍、文章、电影、歌曲、写作片段

Events, people, or issues
事件、任务、问题

Reading Tips: 阅读提示:

That reminds me of… 这提醒了我...

This made me think of… 这让我想起...

I read another book that… 我读过的另外一本书中讲到...

This is different from… 这跟...有所不同

I remember when… 我记得...

2. Visualize 视觉化

Good readers create pictures in their minds while they read.
好的读者在阅读时脑海中会形成画面。

While reading, note places where you get a clear picture in your mind that helps you understand the text:
在阅读某处时,如果你的脑海中能形成比较清晰的画面帮助你理解文章,那么请在旁边做出如下的注释:

I can picture… 我可以画出...

I can see the… 我能看到...

I can visualize… 我能把这个场景形象化成...

The movie in my head shows… 我脑海中的电影是...

Use your senses to connect the characters, events, and ideas to clarify the picture in your head:
利用你的感觉器官与文中的人物、事件和观点沟通,让你脑海中的画面更为清晰:

I can taste/hear/smell the… 我能尝/听/闻到...

I can feel the… 我可以感觉到...

3. Ask Questions 提问

Good readers ask questions before, during, and after reading to better understand the author and the meaning of the text.
好的读者在阅读前、阅读时和阅读后,都会通过提问的方式,来更好的理解作者和文章的意思。

Ask questions of the author, yourself, and the text:
提一些关于作者、关于你自己和关于文章的问题:

What is the author trying to say? 作者想表达些什么?

What is the message of this piece? 这篇文章想传达什么信息?

Do I know something about this topic? 关于文章讨论的这个话题我了解什么?

What do I think I will learn from this text? 我会从文章中学到些什么?

How could this be explained to someone else? 我应该如何向别人解释这篇文章?

What predictions do I have about this reading? 基于这篇文章,我能做出些哪些预测?

4. Infer 做出推断

How do I read between the lines?
如何读出字里行间的言外之意?

When the answers are “right there,” good readers draw conclusions based on background knowledge and clues in the text.
答案其实就在那儿,好的读者能够基于背景知识和上下文线索得出结论。

Ask yourself: 问问你自己:

I wonder why… 我想知道为什么...

I wonder how… 我想知道怎样...

I wonder if… 我想知道是否...

Find information from the text that might be clues to the answers and use these with your background knowledge for possible answers.
从文中找一些可能成为线索的信息,再利用你的背景知识,发现一些可能的答案。

5. Determine Importance 确定中心大意

What’s the big idea?
文章的用意是什么?

Good readers look for things that help them identify big ideas.
好的读者会从文中找一些东西来帮助他们找出文章的中心大意。

Look at text features for clues: 观察文本特征得出线索:

Titles and headings  标题

Bold print 黑体

Pictures and captions 图片和说明

Graphs and charts  图形图标

Chapter objectives and questions 章节目标和问题

Reading Tips: 阅读提醒:

Most important information is... 最重要的信息是...

So far I’ve learned… 到目前为止我了解到的是...

The author is saying…作者的意思是...

This idea is similar to… 这个观点有些类似于...

6. Synthesize 综合

How do I use what I’ve read to create my own ideas?
我如何利用我的阅读经历创造我自己的观点?

Good readers combine new information from their reading with existing knowledge in order to form new ideas or interpretations.
好的读者会把阅读中获得新信息与已有的知识相结合,形成新的观点,进行全新的解释。

Synthesis is creating a single understanding from a variety of sources.
综合是从各种资源中创造属于自己的理解的一种能力。

Reading Tips: 阅读提示:

Compare and contrast what I’m reading with what I already know or other sources of information.
将正在阅读的材料与已经积累的知识或其他信息来源进行比较分析。

Think of new ways to use this information.
想一想如何用全新的方式来利用现有资源。

Can connections I make across this text help me to create new generalizations or new perspectives?
这篇文章能不能帮助我做出新的概括或提供新的视角?