怎样才能变得更聪明？(视频)
Scientists say 'smarter' brains faster, more efficient
ALINA CHO, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Well, you know, the most famous measure of intelligence, guys, is the IQ test. But have you actually taken it? Many people haven't. And does it really tell us if we're smart? What does a smart brain look like? Watch. A lot of what you're about to see may surprise you.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
MEREDITH RESNICK, BRIGHT KIDS NYC: What's this? And what is the man doing? Which one matches this? You're so smart. Are you sure you're only 3?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Yes.
CHO (voice-over): He is. But believe it or not, this 3-year-old is taking a special class to prepare him for an entrance exam for kindergarten. Sort of an SAT-style Kaplan course for the toddler set.
RESNICK: It's a little like getting into college to get into kindergarten.
CHO (on camera): Doesn't that seem crazy to you?
RESNICK: It is a crazy system.
CHO (voice-over): It's happening all over the country. In some cases kids are being tested at 27 months, 30 months, barely out of diapers to determine whether they're gifted and talented, smart.
DANIEL PINK, AUTHOR, "A WHOLE NEW MIND": Good God. I mean, a kid tested when they're barely over 2 years old, somehow doesn't pass muster, and that kid goes down an entirely different track from a more precocious 27-month-old? That's insane.
CHO: For adults, the IQ test is the standard. Clear cut, right and wrong answers, average score 100. But researchers say IQ, your intelligence quotient, is only 25 percent of what makes you successful. IQ misses the other 75 percent.
PINK: So what we have here, we have mechanisms that measure an important part but an incomplete part of what it means to be intelligent and what it means to be successful. This ought to alarm us more than it does. Imagine getting into an airplane where the pilot was getting only 25 percent of the data she needed to fly the plane?
CHO: If that's the case, what does it really mean to be smart and how do you get smarter? We went to the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT. Dr. John Gabrieli is a professor of neuroscience.
DR. JOHN GABRIELI, PROFESSOR OF NEUROSCIENCE, MCGOVERN INSTITUTE FOR BRAIN RESEARCH AT MIT: There's lots of room to change throughout life.
CHO: He showed us computer images of two brains, a composite of a brain with a relatively low IQ, and one with a higher IQ. Look at the lower IQ brain. Lots of activity.
GABRIELI: They're using a lot of their mental resources. They're pushing the gas pedal really hard to do well on this test.
CHO: The higher IQ brain, not so much.
GABRIELI: They're trying smarter, not harder because it's easy for them, for some reason, relatively speaking.
CHO: Smarter brains, simply put, are more efficient.
GABRIELI: We think in many ways the magic of the brain is the wiring. You know, that our brains are really made up of millions of little brains all working together.
CHO (on camera): A smart brain is just processing information much faster than a less smart brain?
GABRIELI: We think that's a huge part of the secret of smartness.CHO (voice-over): And there is a way to make your brain smarter and it's a new frontier in science.
GABRIELI: So this is an exercise where you have to remember two things at once. That's what makes this hard.CHO: This mental exercise can help raise your IQ score by about five points in a relatively short amount of time, 30 minutes a day, five times a week for about a month.
(on camera): I'm like completely lost there.
(voice-over): Enough to make your head spin. What's significant about this test is that it shows adult brains can change, and a few points on an IQ test can change your life.
GABRIELI: Every few points you get increases your chances of a better paying job, of a healthy future, of more stability in your family life.
CHO (on camera): And a longer life.GABRIELI: Even a longer life.
CHO (voice-over): Which is why these kids start so early.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Can you point to the picture of the season?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Pumpkin.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: The pumpkin.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
CHO: You know what's remarkable about brain research is that even after all of these years of studying the brain, researchers still know very little about it and a genius brain, guys, even less. One researcher told me, you know, you can be really smart. You can be really, really smart, and still there's only one Einstein. Right?
CHETRY: Exactly.
CHO: Yes.
CHETRY: I still can't get over the training of these little kids. They're barely out of diapers and they're learning so that they can do well to get into kindergarten.
CHO: Well, and some critics will say the big problem with that is the way we test people. Why are we testing kids so early? And why aren't we testing them later on in life? I mean, sometimes these kids get tested at 3, 4 years old. They don't get tested again and you get placed in this situation where you're considered smart or not smart and that puts you down different paths. You know, so it's really an interesting way to look at the whole idea of testing. And that's another story but at any rate, it's all fascinating to me.
CHETRY: It really is.
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