SECTION 1
Spot Dictation
左边为答案，答案后附有参考缩写法
单词复数，或过去式ed等小错误一般不扣分。
1）in our own backyards in our own bkyd or backY
2）12.4 million 12.4 M
3）some experienced hunger sm x hunger
4）far beyond homelessness far bey homeX
5）at the risk of hunger at th rk of hg
6）most shock you +3 shk u
7）the older couple older cp
8）wiped out by unavoidable medical bills wp out by unavd(b) mdc bl
9）her minimum wage job her min wg job
10）concentrate on his school work conctr on his schl wk
11）48% of
12）are twice as likely r twi as lkly
13）One in ten adults 1 in 10 adt
14）Or food insecurity or fd insec(y)
15）any other industrialized country any oth inds ctr
16）pull its children out of poverty pl its chd out of pv(y)
17）minds and bodies minds n bds
18）to develop properly to devp prp
19）most severe forms of malnutrition +3 sevr fm of malnutri(n)
20）produces cognitive impairments prdc cgn(v) impair~
Listening Comprehension
01-05 CDABC
06-10 DBACA
11-15 DDBBC
16-20 ACDAB
SECTION 2
1-5 DCACC
6-10 CDCAC
11-15 ACDCD
16-20 ABCBB
SECTION 3
数十年来，州内学费是大型州立学校得天独厚的优势，连常春藤联盟都无法匹敌，因为这能为学校招来最优秀、最聪明的学生。但是如今，情况却未必如此。从今年九月起，一些学生会发现读一个哈佛大学的学位比许多公立大学的还要便宜。去年十二月，哈佛官员详细阐述了一项新的财政资助政策，对于年收入不高于180000美元的家庭，只收取其中的10%作为学费。绝大多数学生的家庭经济条件一般，本来每年要缴纳45600多美元的学费，对他们而言，这可谓一份厚礼，整个学术界为之震动。近年来，美国的精英大学纷纷出台财政资助政策，相互之间打得不可开交，哈佛大学的这一举措只是其中最新的一项。
尽管哈佛开出的条件是迄今最优厚的，普林斯顿、耶鲁和斯坦福都出台了类似的计划，来降低中低收入家庭的学生所需支付的学费。而且，由于过去五年里采用的免贷款计划，如今几乎每一所常春藤盟校里接受资助的学生都很可能无债一身轻地毕业。其它收费昂贵的学校纷纷效仿，取消了贷款，发放助学金和勤工俭学补助。今年秋天，还有几所学校会加入这个“无贷款俱乐部”。更多的学校都已采取措施，为最需要资助的学生减少债务。
Section 4
Part A: Note-taking and Gap-Filling
1. popularity
2. promotes
3. aggressive
4. break
5. sanitation
6. prices
7. delinquency
8. segregated
9. ethnic
10. tension
11. society
12. responsibility
13. education
14. repair
15. 50%
16. classroom
17. over-population
18. employment
19. serious
20. short-term
Part B: Listening and Translation
1. Sentence Translation
(1) 我认为父母对我的影响是最大的。在我家里，不崇拜物质财富、地位和权力。从小父母教我重视诚实、公正和为他人考虑。
(2) 创新犹如竹笋，竹笋要在地下生长很多年，然后幼苗一样把头抬高，飞速蹿高。
(3) 我强烈认为一个人所取得的成功归于态度。如果我有一个员工，他天资聪颖，但态度极差，我不会在他身上浪费时间。
(4) 个人贷款记录、成千上万破产和力度下降，经济学家和银行家已经警示，加拿大人面临的经济危机会进一步影响经济增长。
(5) 在欧洲，2007年有26%五到九岁的学生在校学习电脑，但是并没有许多实验结果可以表明，电脑对孩子的认知和感情有影响。
2. Passage Translation
(1) 如果你需要做演讲或报告，记得要把你要讲内容的结构和要点对听众讲清楚。不要害怕解释和总结你的主要论点以便于让观众听明白。为了让听众听听得开心，可以在合适的时候穿插幽默或者用佚事或对比把自己的观点讲清楚。太抽象和理论性的东西如果听久的话可能会让听众觉得单调无聊。大家选了主题后，我们在这个问题上可以进一步讨论。
(2) 根据卫生部最近发布的一份报告显示，已经有十三个州的成人肥胖人口比例超过1/4。和去年的报告相比，内华达是唯一一个肥胖率有所下降的州。总体来说，成人肥胖率已经从1985年的15%上升到2007年的32%。超重和肥胖的人口总地加起来占美国成人总人口的64%。儿童中的肥胖率在以更惊人的速度上升，在过去二十年中已经增长了三倍。
Section 5
1. Folks thought Henry David Thoreau could have been a success in many different fields. But the promising young fellow spent most his time loafing in the woods near his hometown over near Walden pond unsuccessfully. The author cited the example of his to illustrate the secret of success may be to fail a little.
2. In these enlightened times, some measure success by figures from the size of cars to width of wallet. All the Americans seem to be accustomed to calculate success only with something calculable, say numbers, rather than the essence of success, some failure
3. Sometimes we need to seize the moment of success and leave some small losses alone, still we’ll enjoy the rest, which is exactly what we call success, to the fullest everyday.
4. Clint Eastwood and Spike Lee were sparring over the accuracy of Eastwood’s two films about the clash between the US force and Japanese sixty-three years ago on topic of the participation of African Americans. Lee insisted that there should have been Negro actor but Eastwood disagreed. But as a matter of fact, both were correct with their way.
5. The seemingly conflicting ideas got both correct in the end. As African Americans played a key role in World War II, as well as the African-American forces in the fight for Iwo Jima. But Eastwood was also right as none of the servicemen was black and black soldiers represented only a small fraction of the total force deployed on the island.
6. Latty believes that black soldiers warrant more than fleeting inclusion in the film while Moore praised Eastwood’s rendering of the battle but laments the limited role it accords African Americans.
7. While most others fulfill most of their needs through the marketplace, Josh Corley, one of the growing number of Americans, chooses to get stuff, food, clothing and furniture, for free out of dumpster.
8. The “free movement” means to live a so-called freegan’s life, distancing themselves from the consumerism America, and enables many to pay for nothing. They are quite ideal to believe that America’s consumer society is inherently corrupt and wasteful and through living on dusters and bins they can totally live without supporting the system.
9. Corlew is too ideal to live with consumerism in the way of getting things for free but Alexi Ahrens, partly with the consumerism, takes advantage of the system by selling things she found in suburbia for money.
10. Many employees found that they no longer need to work for a better life but picking up everything even brand products. Many of them start to free themselves from the heavy work.
Section 6
To enjoy pleasant compliments, human. Once encountered with offensive warnings or criticisms, we may be sour, or even resentful. For anybody, especially those of superior status, to listen to faithful but offensive warnings or criticisms, and to gain wisdom out of them, takes elegance, tolerance and nobility flowing out of a finely-cultivated personality and the stoical curb of human weaknesses. Otherwise, villains, equipped with soothing flatteries, may squeeze into the loopholes of our defense, while men with integrity may be wronged for their bold frankness.
Our minds are generally guarded by old proverbs such as “benighted (being misled) by one-sided opinion, enlightened by difference voices” or “truth hurts, but helps”. “Embellished words are not true while true words are not embellished,” an enlightening quotation by Lao Zi, a renowned ancient Chinese philosopher, is also widely accepted. But in reality, these time-honored mottos are always ignored. Our unwillingness or even reluctance in listening to “offensive” words finally leads to disastrous mistakes.
听力原文
SECTION 1
Spot dictation
When Americans think about hunger, we usually think in terms of mass-starvation in far-away countries, but hunger too often lurks in our backyards. In 2006, 35.1million people, including 12.4 million children in the United States did not have access to enough food for an active healthy life. Some of these individuals relied on emergency food sources and some experienced hunger.
Although most people think of hungry people and homeless people as the same, the problem of hunger reaches far beyond homelessness. While the number of people being hungry or at the risk of hunger may be surprising, it is the faces of those hungry individuals that would probably most shock you.
The face of hunger is the older couple who has worked hard for their entire lives, only to find their savings wiped out by unavoidable medical bills, or a single mother who has to choose whether the salary from her minimum wage job will go to buy food or pay rent, or a child who struggles to concentrate on his schoolwork because his family couldn’t afford dinner the night before. At December 2006 survey estimated that 48 percent of those requesting emergency food assistance, were either children or their parents.
Children are twice as likely to live in households where someone experiences hunger and food insecurity than adults. One in ten adults compared to one in five children live in households where someone suffers from hunger or food insecurity.
Child poverty is more wide spread in the United States than in any other industrialized country; at the same time, the US government spends less than any industrialized country to pull its children out of poverty. We have long known that the minds and bodies of small children need adequate food to develop properly. But science is just beginning to understand the full extent of this relationship. As late as the 1980s, conventional wisdom held that only the most severe forms of malnutrition actually alter brain development. The latest empirical evidence, however, shows that even relatively mild under-nutrition produces cognitive impairments in children which can last a life time.
Listening Comprehension
Passage 1(Q1-5)
M: Emily I know you’ve been the victim of a crime.
F: Unfortunately, yes. Once I was mugged by some young kids.
M: What happened?
F: I was going home late at night, and I couldn’t see a single person on the street. And it was winter. Oh, it was so cold, so I had my scarf wrapped around my face. And then suddenly I walked straight into three guys, they looked about 14 or 15. And they said something threatening, like give us all your money or I’m going to kill you. And I’m looking at them, because they look so young, and I’m thinking what on earth are you doing? They said blablablablabla, and I said, “listen, it’s very cold, give me a second, I have to take off my gloves.”
M: You must have been really scared
F: Well, I opened my purse and all I’ve got was a few dollars. I was so nervous and I say, “Here it is”, and they say “four dollars?” Yeah, it’s 4 dollars and they say “that’s all you have?”
M: So, so then what happened?
F: Well, I gave them money, and I just went home. But I felt so bad when I was walking down the street. You know, I really had mixed feelings about it. I wanted to say Guys what are you doing? You know, go home, you are ruining your lives. And I think why are those kids on the street doing things they are not supposed to do? Something stupid, really stupid. That could lead to something worse.
M: Why do you think Kids get involved in stealing?
F: I don’t know, I mean it was only four dollars, you look at kids getting involved in this kind of small crime, and you think who’s responsible? I don’t know what they were doing out on the street at that time of night
M: Did you report the crime?
F: No, I didn’t. Kids like that don't need prosecuting, they need parenting. They need someone to put them on the right path, these kids really need, you know, help.
M: In what way?
F: Well, kids are so vulnerable. They have to get a lot of supervision. There are these kids hanging on the street doing things they are not supposed to. I think if these kids have more self-esteem, they wouldn’t behave in that way. We have to find ways to help these kinds of kids have good futures, then they wouldn’t commit crimes.
Question 1: In what way has Emily been the victim of a crime?
Question 2: At which of the following time did the crime occur?
Question 3: What amount of loss did she suffer in the crime?
Question 4: What did she do after the crime occurred?
Question 5: What did she think about those who committed the crime?
Passage 2 (Q6-10)
European Union
A European Union flotilla will begin anti-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia next week, EU Foreign Policy Chief Javier Solana said on Tuesday. The six warships and three maritime reconnaissance aircraft will replace a NATO naval force that has been patrolling the region and escorting cargo ships carrying relief aid to Somalia since the end of October. Although the NATO ships have successfully delivered nearly 30,000 tons of humanitarian supplies to the impoverished nation, they have not been able to stem the upsurge in pirate attacks on foreign shipping in one of the most important shipping lanes in the world.
New Delhi, India
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice urged Pakistan yesterday to cooperate "fully and transparently" in investigations into the Mumbai attacks that have upset India-Pakistan relations. India has said the 10 militants who rampaged through its financial capital killing 171 people were from Pakistan, including one surviving gunman. If Pakistan fails to act swiftly against those responsible, India has threatened to pull out of a nearly five-year-old peace process between the nuclear rivals. "This is the time for everybody to cooperate and to do so transparently, and this is especially a time for Pakistan to do so," Rice told a press conference in New Delhi.
Ottawa, Canada
Canada's Minority Conservative government may seek the temporary suspension of Parliament to stop opposition parties from voting it out and taking power, an aide to Prime Minister Stephen Harper said on Tuesday. The Liberals, New Democrats and Bloc Quebecois signed a deal on Monday committing them to bringing down the government, just seven weeks after it won re-election with a strengthened minority, and forming a coalition government to replace the Conservatives. The opposition says Harper is not doing enough to tackle the fallout from the financial crisis, so they proposed forging a coalition of Liberals and New Democrats, with the separatist Bloc promising its support.
Manila, the Philippines
Philippine lawmakers allied to President Gloria Arroyo quashed an impeachment motion against her yesterday, shielding her from opposition moves to unseat her for the fourth time in as many years. Eleven opposition lawmakers walked out of the chamber when it became apparent that an overwhelming majority of the 238-member House of Representatives would throw out the impeachment complaint. Voting 183-21, with three abstaining, the House of Representatives adopted a report by a congressional justice panel dismissing the impeachment complaint for a lack of substance, blocking a possible trial in the Senate. The complaint against Arroyo, due to serve until mid-2010, were based on charges of corruption, bribery and human rights abuses. Apart from surviving four impeachments, she has also escaped three attempts by troops since 2003 to seize power.
Cambridge, United States
Harvard University says its endowment has tumbled $8 billion in the four months since the end of the last fiscal year. The school’s endowment is the largest in higher education. The estimated 22 percent decline is the school's sharpest endowment drop in modern history. The endowment was valued at $36.9 billion on June 3. The school has said its U.S. stock portfolio and foreign equity portfolio had taken hard hits recently. The university's president warned that the estimated drop may be conservative because some money managers have yet to report figures.
Question 6: What can we know about the world’s efforts to fight pirate attacks?
Question 7: At a Press Conference in New Delhi, what did US Secretary Rice urge Pakistan to do?
Question 8: What is Canada’s minority conservative government likely to do according to the news?
Question 9: Which of the following statements is true about the political situation in the Philippines according to the news?
Question 10: At least how much has Harvard University endowment drop since the last fiscal year?
Passage 3 (Q11-15)
M: So you really believe that cloths carry a kind of message for other people and that what we put on is in some way a reflection of what we feel?
W: oh, yes, very much so. People are beginning now to take seriously the idea of a kind of psychology of clothing to believe that there is not only individual taste in our cloth, but also a thinking behind what we wear, which is something we may not even be aware of ourselves.
M: But truly this has been the case. We all dress up when we want to impress someone, such as for a job interview with the prospective employer. We tend to make an effort and put on something smart.
W: True, but that is a conscious act. What I’m talking about is more of a subconscious thing. Take for example the student who is away from home at college or university, if he tends to wrap him self up more than the others, this is because he is probably feeling homesick. Similarly, a general feeling of insecurity can sometimes take the form of overdressing in warmer than are necessary.
M: Can you give any other examples of this kind?
W: Yes. I think people who are sociable and outgoing tend to dress in an extrovert way, preferring brighter or more dazzling colours-----yellows, bright reds and so on. In the same way, aggressive clothes might indicate an aggressive personality or attitude toward life.
M: Do you think the care or lack of it over the way we actually wear our cloth has anything to tell us?
W: Yes, indeed. The lengths, for example, of a man’s trousers speaks volumes about his awareness his own image. Or if his trousers are at half massed, or sort of hanging down, this probably means he is absorbed by other things.
M: Really?
W: Or, to give you other examples, often minority groups who have perhaps failed to persuade with words tend to express themselves by wearing unconventional or what some might consider outrageous clothing as a way of showing their thoughts and feelings are different from the rest. And so they find an outlet in this way.
M: That surely spills over into other things as well.
W: Oh, yes, indeed. Hair cuts, music and songs can all be a form of rebellion. But to get to back to cloth, I would add that a whole lot about our personality is conveyed in our cloth and the way we look-------aggressiveness, rebelliousness, happiness, sadness and so on. This can all be interpreted. Think of the aging pop star who may be pushing middle age, he’ll keep on dressing up like a rebel to try to prove he is with it still and in touch with his young fans and current trends.
Question 11: About which of the following topics is the woman being interviewed?
Question 12: What does it probably show if an individual overdresses in warmer cloth than are necessary?
Question 13: According to the interviewee, what kind of people tend to dress in an extrovert manner?
Question 14: According to the interviewee, which of the following speaks a lot about man’s awareness of his own image?
Question 15: According to the interview, who tend to wear unconventional clothing?
Passage 4 (Q16-20)
Computers may never offer a perfect system for work and communications. Yet, in spite of the bugs that need to be worked out, there is no question that computers now shape the pattern of our activities. Almost everyone has felt the tremors of change as the internet has revolutionized the way we do things. From the way we run our daily errands to the way we relate to other human beings, with the internet, we can now get information, products and friends more quickly. With a few clicks of the mouse, we can do research on specific subjects that might have taken hours or days in a library. With online shopping, we can purchase what we need more quickly and efficiently. We can now deal with retailers over the internet, instead of waiting in lines at shopping malls. With email we can maintain friendships as well as create new ones without ever sitting down to write or post a letter. But not everyone feels the internet is improving our lives. The web is messy and that it cannot always provide clear directions on how to get where we want to go. The hyperlinks that exist among different websites often send people on a trip to nowhere or somewhere totally unexpected. The web is not an organized database. Rather, it is a brier patch where people can get stuck or lost. Online shopping is an example of this mass. Although shopping from home is appealing, e-commerce is not always as convenient as one might think. Sometimes it takes a long time to order on the internet. People can waste time or get confused filling out the information on all the different screens to place an order. In fact, anywhere from 33% to 75% of people who shop online drop out before ever placing their order. Most importantly, many people are concerned about privacy issues. They are reluctant to put their personal information on the web. Filling in information such as one’s name, address, phone number and credit card information can shake the confidence of an online shopper. Some even fear that there’s conspiracy among businesses to use consumer information for their own benefit. Perhaps even more troubling is the belief that as people spend more time surfing the web, they are becoming socially isolated. A recent survey indicated that 16% of internet users spend less time with family and friends. The amount of time a husband or wife spends on the web is frequently cited as one cause for divorce. Then the young people say that their closest friends are those they have corresponded with on the internet. That is, their closest friends are people they have never even met. Whether the internet will continue to be a driving force for change is still unknown. And whether the effects of the internet on our lives will be more positive or negative is still debatable.
Question 16: Computers and the internet have revolutionized the way we do things, which of the following things is not mentioned in the talk?
Question 17: Why is it that not everyone feels the internet is improving our lives?
Question 18: Which of the following is the primary concern of online shoppers?
Question 19: What can we know from the talk that people spending more time surfing the web?
Question 20: What is the main argument of this talk?
SECTION 4
NTGF
How is urbanization negatively affecting our society? The answer to this question is not a simple one. When answering this question, one must understand that urbanization can not be stopped, but only contained in a manner that will help United States to function better as a country.
The more densely populated and more heterogeneous a community is, the more accentuated characteristic can be associated with urbanism. Urbanism promotes urban violence, political instability, crime and aggressive behavior. Rapid population growth in urban areas also perpetuates poverty.
Another major issue being created by this social problem is the breaking of traditional family structure. Our cities are not working well. Sanitation, safety, transportation, housing, education and even electricity are failing. These are all responsibilities of the government, or it is at least their job to regulate the services deemed to be monopolies. And it is a known fact that monopoly is deemed toward inefficiency.
Functionalists look at our cities as a means to profit. Cities are places where everybody visits, and therefore venders can raise their prices and profit more on their products. For example, from my own personal experience, I bought a pack of cigarettes for 3 dollars at my local gas station, and when I visited inner city or landau, I bought the same brand of cigarettes for 4 dollars.
In the United States, the breaking of the traditional structure is an issue that has become increasingly noticeable in recent years, particular in urbanized areas. The traditional mom-and-dad-and-children are rarely seen in the inner cities any more. There is a weakened bond of kinship and declining social family significance as America has transferred industrial, educational and recreational activities to specialized institutions outside of the home. It is depriving families of their most characteristic, historical functions. With divorce rates rising, delinquency is also becoming more of a problem than before. In single parent families, parents spent less time with children. These specialized institutions often help, but cannot replace the role of a child guardian. As long as the divorce rate continues to increase, delinquency will continue to increase in these areas as well.
The variations of people give rise to segregation of people by race, religious practices, ethnic heritage as well as economic and social status. Segregation often creates much tension and prejudice between social groups. This can cause physical or mental damage to individuals or society. As for racism and segregation, there is not much that can be done to fix these problems. Individuals will always have their own opinions no matter how ignorant. And the only thing we can do is to hope that these problems dye out as we desegregate our communities. People will choose their destination or place of residence according to many different ideals and needs, for example, what fits their budget. The government assumes major responsibility for development, attempting to meet rapidly increasing demands for education, housing, agricultural and industrial development, transportation and employment. The government budget is not distributed equally, mainly due to differentiation in areas. Areas with higher income will obviously have a higher budget to work with. Urban areas are usually lacking in financial resources. Therefore they are not able to repair all the problems in these areas, such as sanitation, education, and many other categories. America has hired approximately 50% more teachers in the last few years than have been hired in the past. But the increasing population keeps the classrooms just as large. The effort does not meet the need. Thus, the problem remains as strong as ever.
Due to the overpopulation in urban areas and lack of employment opportunity, the crime rate is still a huge problem in which they are faced with. Also, lack of traditional family structure and weakened bonds of kinship weaken the moral of children growing up in the urban areas. These children grow up in poverty and usually look at crime as a quick and easy way out.
The problems in urban areas are far more serious than can be handled in any short-term efforts. We can only hope to contain them, and attempt to make sure that no more problems arise from the already existing ones.
Sentence Translation
1. I think my parents influenced me the most, material wealth, status and power were never revered in our family, I was taught to value honesty, fairness and consideration of others.
2. Innovation is like a bamboo shoot, a bamboo shoot spends many years underground and then it just peaks its head up like a seedling and it just shoots up very quickly.
3. I'm a great believer that almost everything you achieve in life is down to your attitude, if I have an employee who is magnificently gifted, but has a stinking attitude, I won't waste my time on them.
4. With record personal debts, tens of thousands of bankruptcies and sharp interest rate declines, economists and bankers have warned that Canadians face financial hardships which could threaten economic growth.
5. In Europe, 26% of school children aged five to nine years old spend time on computers in 2007, yet very little research has been conducted to examine what impact computers have on children's cognitive and emotional development.
Passage translation
Passage 1
If you are required to give a presentation or speech, just remember: make the structure and points of what you are saying obvious to the audience. Don’t be afraid to rephrase and summarize your main points to make sure that you get them across. But make it enjoyable for the audience too, by being amusing if appropriate, or by perhaps illustrating points you make with an anecdote or an analogy. Something that is too abstract and theoretical can be a bit tedious to listen to for too long. Anyway, we can discuss that in greater detail when you’ve got your subject chosen.
Passage 2
According to the latest report issued by the Department of Health, there are now 13 states where more than a quarter of the adult population is overweight or obese. Nevada is the only state that saw a decrease in the percentage of obese adults compared to last year’s report. Overall, adult obesity rose from 15% in 1985 to 32% in 2007. Taken together, individuals who are either overweight or obese comprise 64% of the US adult population. Obesity among children is increasing at an even more alarming pace, having more than tripled in the past two decades.
