——人民生活进一步改善。全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长7.4%,快于经济增速。
— Living standards improved. Personal per capita disposable income increased by 7.4% in real terms, overtaking the growth rate of the economy.

快于 overtake: If someone or something overtakes a competitor, they become more successful than them. 超过

Lung cancer has now overtaken breast cancer as a cause of death for women in the U.S.
肺癌作为一种美国女性死亡原因现已超过了乳腺癌。

去年末居民储蓄存款余额增长8.5%,新增4万多亿元。又解决6434万农村人口饮水安全问题。扶贫攻坚力度加大,农村贫困人口减少1442万人。
By the end of last year, personal savings deposits had risen by 8.5%, an increase of more than four trillion yuan. In rural areas, another 64.34 million people gained access to safe drinking water and greater alleviation efforts reduced the number of people living in poverty by 14.42 million.

“扶贫攻坚力度加大,农村贫困人口减少1442万人。” 翻译时将前半句动作转化成名词形式,减少动词使用量。

科技领域一批创新成果达到国际先进水平,第三代核电技术取得重大进展,国产C919大型客机总装下线,屠呦呦获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
A number of world-class innovations were made in science and technology. Major headway was made in the development of 3G nuclear power technology, China’s self-developed C919 large jetliner rolled off the assembly line, and Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

国际先进水平 world-class
取得重大进展 Major headway was made in•••
第三代核电技术 3G nuclear power technology
诺贝尔生理学或医学奖 the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine

对我国发展取得的成就,全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪!回顾过去一年,成绩来之不易。
These achievements in China’s development, a source of pride and motivation for our people, did not come easily.

这些成绩,是在极为复杂严峻的国际环境中取得的。去年世界经济增速为6年来最低,国际贸易增速更低,大宗商品价格深度下跌,国际金融市场震荡加剧,对我国经济造成直接冲击和影响。
They were made in the context of an extremely complicated and challenging international environment. In 2015, world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years, growth in international trade slowed, commodity prices plummeted, and there was growing volatility in the global financial market. All this had a direct impact on China’s economy.

去年世界经济增速为6年来最低 world economic growth fell to its lowest rate in six years
深度下跌 plummet
震荡加剧 growing volatility

[All this had a direct impact on China’s economy.]
总结句常见的翻译处理方法:All this | By doing so 等等。

这些成绩,是在国内深层次矛盾凸显、经济下行压力加大的情况下取得的。
They were made at the same time as deep-seated domestic problems were becoming prominent and downward pressure on the economy was mounting.

面对“三期叠加”的局面,经济工作遇到不少两难甚至多难问题,需要远近结合,趋利避害,有效应对。
While dealing with the slowdown in economic growth, making difficult structural adjustments, and absorbing the effects of previous economic stimulus policies, China was also confronted with many difficult problems and choices in the running of the economy, and this called for effective responses based on the need both to combine long-term and short-term considerations and to seek benefit and avoid harm.

趋利避害 seek benefit and avoid harm
经济工作 the running of the economy
需要 call for
远近结合 combine long-term and short-term considerations

这些成绩,是在我国经济总量超过60万亿元的高基数上取得的。
Finally, they were made at a time when China’s economic output had exceeded 60 trillion yuan.

此句翻译时避开了原文框架,避开在•••••基数上,而是用时间 at a time when 来替换。

现在国内生产总值每增长1个百分点的增量,相当于5年前1.5个百分点、10年前2.5个百分点的增量。经济规模越大,增长难度随之增加。
Every percentage point of GDP growth today is equivalent to 1.5 percentage points of growth five years ago or 2.5 percentage points of growth ten years ago. The larger the economy grows, the greater the difficulty of achieving growth.

在困难和压力面前,全国各族人民付出了极大辛劳,一步一步走了过来。这再次表明,任何艰难险阻都挡不住中国发展前行的步伐!
In the face of these difficulties and pressures, all our people have truly exerted themselves and progressed step by step to get us where we are today. This once again demonstrates that no difficulty or hardship will ever stop China from moving forward.

Exert:If you exert yourself, you make a great physical or mental effort, or work hard to do something. 耗费 (自己的精力)
Do not exert yourself unnecessarily.不要无谓地耗费自己的精力。