5条实用规律让你轻松掌握英语分词变形

作者：沪江英语来源：牛津词典 2016-08-31 17:26

双语中文英语

动词在不同时态下要改变拼写，今天跟着小编一起学习一下规则情况下过去分词和现在分词的变形规律。

过去分词通常用在完成时（规则情况下过去分词与过去时拼写一致，只是过去式通常用在一般过去时），指过去的动作，变形规律是在动词原形后加上ed，例如：

I asked her a question.

我问了她一个问题。

现在分词通常用于进行时，指正在发生的动作，变形规律是在动词原形后加上ing，例如:

I am asking her a question.

我正在问她问题。

通常情况下，加上ed和ing后不必再进行其他拼写上的改变，但在某些情况下，改变却又是必要的。下面列举了几种变性规则，让你正确掌握变形规律：

Verbs ending with a silent e

动词以不发音的e结尾

If the verb ends with an e that isn’t pronounced (as in bake or smile), then you need to drop this final -e before adding -ed and -ing:

如果动词以不发音的e结尾（如bake和smile这样的开音节），在加ed和ing时要把这个e删去：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
bake 烘焙	baked	baking
smile 微笑	smiled	smiling

Verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe (such as free, dye, and tiptoe) do not drop the final -e when adding -ing:

若动词以ee、ye、oe结尾（如free、dye、tiptoe），则不要把e删去，但这时过去分词只需要加d就可以了：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
free 自由的	freed	freeing
dye 染	dyed	dyeing
tiptoe 用脚尖走	tiptoed	tiptoeing

A very few verbs keep the final -e when adding -ing to distinguish them from similar words. For example, singe becomes singeing rather than singing (which is the present participle of sing).

还有一小部分次在加ing时保留词尾的e以区分其他词。比如singe的现在分词是singeing而非singing，因为singing是sing的现在分词。

Verbs ending with a vowel plus -l

动词以元音加l结尾

If the verb ends with a vowel plus -l (as in travel or equal), then you need to double the l before adding-ed and -ing in British English:

如果动词以元音加l结尾（如travel和equal），在英式英语中要双写l（美式英语无须如此）：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
travel 旅行	travelled	travelling
distil 蒸馏	distilled	distilling
equal 平等	equalled	equalling

Verbs ending with a single vowel plus a consonant

动词以单元音加辅音结尾

If the verb ends with a single vowel plus a consonant, and the stress is at the end of the word (), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and –ing:

如果非单音节动词以单元音加辅音结尾，并且重音在最后一个音节，要双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
admit 承认	admitted	admitting
commit 犯罪	committed	committing
refer 涉及	referred	referring

If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is not at the end of the word, you don’t need to double the final consonant when adding -ed and -ing:

如果非单音节动词以单元音加辅音结尾，但重音不在最后一个音节，则无须双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
inherit 继承	inherited	inheriting
target 瞄准	targeted	targeting
visit 拜访	visited	visiting

If the verb has only one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant (e.g. stop), then you need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and -ing:

若果单音节动词以单元音加辅音结尾（如stop），需要双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
stop 停止	stopped	stopping
tap 轻敲	tapped	tapping
sob 啜泣	sobbed	sobbing

Verbs ending with two vowels plus a consonant

动词以双元音加辅音结尾

If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant, you should generally not double the final consonant:

如果动词以双元音加辅音结尾，通常无须双写最后一个辅音字母：

动词	过去分词	现在分词
treat 款待	treated	treating
wheel 转动	wheeled	wheeling
pour 泼	poured	pouring

Verbs ending in –c

动词以c结尾

If the verb ends in -c (e.g. panic), you need to add a -k before adding -ed and -ing, and also -er.

如果动词以c结尾，在ed和ing前要加上k，在er前也要如此：

动词	过去分词	现在分词	相关的名词
picnic 野餐	picnicked	picnicking	picnicker 野餐者
mimic 模仿	mimicked	mimicking	mimicker 模仿别人的人
traffic 交易	trafficked	trafficking	trafficker 商人